Menstrual Cycle Disturbances after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

3 Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

10.22074/ijfs.2024.2016339.1579

Abstract

Background: Following the COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) vaccination, some women suffered from menstrual disturbances. This study aimed to investigate menstrual disturbances after COVID-19 vaccination in women of reproductive age.

Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 407 vaccinated women in the vaccination center of Imam Hossein Hospital (Tehran, Iran) between October 2021 and October 2022. They were interviewed based on a research-made checklist which consisted of two areas of questions about the baseline characteristics of participants and menstrual characteristics to explore menstrual characteristics following COVID-19 vaccination.

Results: The prevalence of menstrual disturbances was higher after the third dose (38.3%) compared with the second (27.9%) and first (17.7%) doses (P<0.001). After the first dose, a history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (OR=7.35; 95%CI=(3.64-14.82), P<0.001) and menstrual disturbances with unknown etiology (OR=15.23; 95%CI=(6.30-36.80), P<0.001) could predict menstrual disturbances. After the second dose, a history of menstrual disturbances with unknown etiology (OR=3.83; 95%CI=(1.47-9.94), P=0.006) and menstrual disturbances after the first dose (OR=201.96; 95%CI=(40.99-994.90), P<0.001) were predictors of menstrual disturbances. After the third dose, a history of menstrual disturbances with unknown etiology (OR=3.09; 95%CI=(1.00-9.52), P=0.048), menstrual disturbances after the first (OR=9.82; 95%CI=(1.38-69.69), P=0.022) and second (OR=7.83; 95%CI=(1.46-41.92), P=0.016) doses could predict menstrual disturbances.

Conclusion: We detected that many women experienced various menstrual disturbances after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Furthermore, a history of menstrual abnormalities (before COVID-19 vaccination and following the previous doses of these vaccines) was associated with developing menstrual disturbances.

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International Journal of Fertility and Sterility

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 14 April 2024

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