The Effect of High Intensity Intermittent and Combined (Resistant and Endurance) Trainings on Some Anthropometric Indices and Aerobic Performance in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

3 The Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

Abstract

Background: Overweight and obesity are associated with cardiometabolic risk in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Lifestyle adjustment, such as increasing physical activity, is a first-line strategy to treat PCOS. The current study aims to compare and examine the effect of high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) and combined (COM) training on some anthropometric indices and aerobic performance in PCOS females.
Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 45 women with PCOS divided into three groups receiving HIIT (n=15), COM interventions (n=15) or control group (n=15) for eight weeks. Some anthropometric indices factors including weight, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), body fat percent (FP), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) as well as VO2max were measured at the baseline at the eighth week. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Tukey post hoc tests were used to compare the pair differences.
Results: After eight-week intervention, weight, BMI, WHR, FP, and VAT decreased significantly in both groups of COM and HIIT (P<0.05) relative to the control group. There were no differences between HIIT group and COM group in terms of these variables (P>0.05). VO2max increased significantly after COM and HIIT interventions relative to the control group (P=0.001); however, HIIT was statically more effective than COM (P=0.011).
Conclusion: The current study revealed that both HIIT and COM trainings could be beneficial in improving some anthropometric indices in addition to aerobic capacity, although HIIT was more effective on aerobic performance (registration number: IRCT20130812014333N143).

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1. Ehrmann DA. Polycystic ovary syndrome. New Engl J Med. 2005; 352(12): 1223-1236.
2. Rosenfield RL, Ehrmann DA. The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the hypothesis of PCOS as functional ovarian hyperandrogenism revisited. Endocr Rev. 2016; 37(5): 467-520
3. Barber TM, McCarthy MI, Wass JAH, Franks S. Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol. 2006; 65(2): 137-145.
4. Ding T, Hardiman PJ, Petersen I, Wang FF, Qu F, Baio G. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in reproductive-aged women of different ethnicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2017; 8(56): 96351-96358.
5. Teede H, Deeks A, Moran L. Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan. BMC Med. 2010; 8: 41.
6. Yilmaz B, Vellanki P, Ata B, Yildiz BO. Metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in mothers, fathers, sisters, and brothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2018; 109(2): 356-364. e32.
7. Crosignani PG, Colombo M, Vegetti W, Somigliana E, Gessati A, Ragni G. Overweight and obese anovulatory patients with polycystic ovaries: parallel improvements in anthropometric indices, ovarian physiology and fertility rate induced by diet. Hum Reprod. 2003; 18(9): 1928-1932.
8. Miranda-Furtado CL, Ramos FK, Kogure GS, Santana-Lemos BA, Ferriani RA, Calado RT, et al. A nonrandomized trial of progressive resistance training intervention in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and its implications in telomere content. Reprod Sci. 2016; 23(5): 644-654.
9. Patten RK, Boyle RA, Moholdt T, Kiel I, Hopkins WG, Harrison CL, et al. Exercise interventions in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol. 2020; 11: 606.
10. Breyley-Smith A, Mousa A, Teede HJ, Johnson NA, Sabag A. The effect of exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(3): 1386.
11. Teede HJ, Misso ML, Costello MF, Dokras A, Laven J, Moran L, et al. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2018; 110(3): 364-379.
12. Tsilchorozidou T, Honour JW, Conway GS. Altered cortisol metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome: insulin enhances 5alpha-reduction but not the elevated adrenal steroid production rates. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88(12): 5907-5913.
13. Lim SS, Norman RJ, Davies M, Moran L. The effect of obesity on polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2013; 14(2): 95-109.
14. Sprung VS, Cuthbertson DJ, Pugh CJA, Aziz N, Kemp GJ, Daousi C, et al. Exercise training in polycystic ovarian syndrome enhances flow-mediated dilation in the absence of changes in fatness. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013; 45(12): 2234-2242.
15. Cheema BS, Vizza L, Swaraj S. Progressive resistance training in polycystic ovary syndrome: can pumping iron improve clinical outcomes? Sports Med. 2014; 44(9): 1197-1207.
16. Winett RA, Carpinelli RN. Potential health-related benefits of resistance training. Prev Med. 2001; 33(5): 503-513.
17. González F. Inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome: underpinning of insulin resistance and ovarian dysfunction. Steroids. 2012; 77(4): 300-305.
18. Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2004; 81: 19-25.
19. Astinchap A, Monazzami A, Fereidoonfara K, Rahimi Z, Rahimi M. Modulation of fibroblast growth factor-21 and βklotho proteins expression in type 2 diabetic women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease following endurance and strength training. Hepat Mon. 2021; 21(7): e116513.
20. Sharifi S, Monazzami A, Nikousefat Z, Heyrani A, Yari K. The acute and chronic effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction on hormonal responses in untrained young men: a comparison of frequency. Cell Mol Biol .2020; 66(1): 1-8.
21. Monazzami A, Momenpur R, Alipour E, Yari K, Payandeh M. Effects of eight-week combined resistance and endurance training on salivary interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor, cortisol, and testosterone levels in patients with breast cancer. Int J Cancer Manag. 2021; 14(2): e109039.                                                                                            22. Monazzami A, Rajabi H, Ghrakhanlou R, Yari K, Rahimi Z. Modulation of oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscle fibers Na+/H+ exchanger1 (NHE1) and Na+/HCO3- co-transporter1 (NBC1) genes and proteins expression in type 2 diabetic rat (Streptozotocin + high fat diet) following long term endurance training. Cell Mol Biol. 2017; 63(5): 11-18.
23. Monazzami A, Rajabi H, Ghrakhanlou R, Yari K. Endurance training increases skeletal muscle Na/H+ exchanger1 (NHE1) and Na/HCO3 cotransporter1 (NBC1) gene and protein expressions in rats. Gene Rep. 2022; 26: 101469.
24. Tinsley GM, Moore ML, Dellinger JR, Adamson BT, Benavides ML. Digital anthropometry via three-dimensional optical scanning: evaluation of four commercially available systems. Clin Nutr. 2020; 74(7): 1054-1064.
25. Orio F Jr, Giallauria F, Palomba S, Cascella T, Manguso F, Vuolo L, et al. Cardiopulmonary impairment in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006; 91(8): 2967-2971.
26. Keteyian SJ, Brawner CA, Savage PD, Ehrman JK, Schairer J, Divine G, et al. Peak aerobic capacity predicts prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease. Am Heart J. 2008; 156(2): 292-230.
27. Sabag A, Keating SE, Way KL, Sultana RN, Lanting SM, Twigg SM, et al. The association between cardiorespiratory fitness, liver fat and insulin resistance in adults with or without type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021; 13(1): 40.
28. Lean ME, Han TS, Morrison CE. Waist circumference as a measure for indicating need for weight management. BMJ. 1995; 311(6998): 158-161.
29. Zhang J, Si Q, Li J. Therapeutic effects of metformin and clomiphene in combination with lifestyle intervention on infertility in women with obese polycystic ovary syndrome. Pak J Med Sci. 2017; 33(1): 8-12.
30. Kogure GS, Miranda-Furtado CL, Silva RC, Melo AS, Ferriani RA, De Sá MF, et al. Resistance exercise impacts lean muscle mass in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016; 48(4): 589-598.
31. Almenning I, Rieber-Mohn A, Lundgren KM, Shetelig Løvvik T, Garnaes KK, Moholdt T. Effects of high intensity interval training and strength training on metabolic, cardiovascular and hormonal outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study. PLoS One. 2015; 10(9): e0138793.
32. Thomson RL, Buckley JD, Noakes M, Clifton PM, Norman RJ, Brinkworth GD. The effect of a hypocaloric diet with and without exercise training on body composition, cardiometabolic risk profile, and reproductive function in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008; 93(9): 3373-3380.
33. Anwar S, Shikalgar N. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in polycystic ovary syndrome: a review. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2017; 11 Suppl 2: S913-S917.
34. Lionett S, Kiel IA, Røsbjørgen R, Lydersen S, Larsen S, Moholdt T. Absent exercise-induced improvements in fat oxidation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome after high-intensity interval training. Front Physiol. 2021; 12: 649794.
35. Daussin FN, Zoll J, Dufour SP, Ponsot E, Lonsdorfer-Wolf E, Doutreleau S, et al. Effect of interval versus continuous training on cardiorespiratory and mitochondrial functions: relationship to aerobic performance improvements in sedentary subjects. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008; 295(1): R264-2R72.
36. Perry CG, Heigenhauser GJ, Bonen A, Spriet LL. High-intensity aerobic interval training increases fat and carbohydrate metabolic capacities in human skeletal muscle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008; 33(6): 1112-1123.
37. Hutchison SK, Stepto NK, Harrison CL, Moran LJ, Strauss BJ, Teede HJ. Effects of exercise on insulin resistance and body composition in overweight and obese women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 96(1): E48-E56.
38. Maillard F, Pereira B, Boisseau N. Effect of high-intensity interval training on total, abdominal and visceral fat mass: a meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2018; 48(2): 269-288.
39. Santos IKD, Nunes F, Queiros VS, Cobucci RN, Dantas PB, Soares GM, et al. Effect of high-intensity interval training on metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2021; 16(1): e0245023.
40. Samadi Z, Bambaeichi E, Valiani M, Shahshahan Z. Evaluation of changes in levels of hyperandrogenism, hirsutism and menstrual regulation after a period of aquatic high intensity interval training in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Prev Med. 2019; 10: 187.
International Journal of Fertility and Sterility
Volume 16, Issue 4
October 2022
Pages 268-274

Files

Cited by

Share

How to cite

Statistics