Evaluation of Levels of Advanced Oxidative Protein Products in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with and without Chronic Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Document Type : Short Communication

Authors

1 Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, TamilNadu, India

2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, TamilNadu, India

3 Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, TamilNadu, India

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition with a multifactorial aetiology. Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an immunoinflammatory disease that is linked to PCOS via the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to an imbalance in the antioxidant system. However, limited studies have evaluated the relationship between these diseases. The current study aims to evaluate the levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in patients with periodontitis and PCOS. Four groups, each consisting of 12 patients, with both PCOS and CP (PCOSCP), systemically healthy women with CP, periodontally healthy women with PCOS (PCOSPH), and periodontally and systemically healthy women (PH) were included in the study. Clinical parameters such as clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing (BOP), and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) index were noted. AOPP were evaluated in the saliva and serum samples by spectrophotometric detection. Salivary and serum AOPP levels were highest in the PCOSCP group (75.16 ± 7.50 μmol/l, 97.92 ± 6.50 μmol/l, respectively). Statistical significance (P<0.05) was noted between the salivary AOPP levels of the PCOSCP group and PCOS group. PISA was greatest in the PCOSCP group (1338.40 ± 285.96 mm2) followed by the PCOS group (680.33 ± 79.49 mm2), which showed the impact of PCOS on gingival inflammation. According to the results of this study, increased levels of advanced oxidative protein products appeared to show the effect of CP on worsening PCOS.

Keywords


1. Stein IF Sr. The Stein-Leventhal syndrome; a curable form of sterility. N Engl J Med. 1958; 259(9): 420-423.
2. Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Periodontol. 2018; 89 Suppl 1: S159-S172.
3. Liu C, Mo L, Niu Y, Li X, Zhou X, Xu X. The role of reactive oxygen species and autophagy in periodontitis and their potential linkage. Front Physiol. 2017: 8: 439.
4. Sanz M, Marco Del Castillo A, Jepsen S, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, D’Aiuto F, Bouchard P, et al. Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases: consensus report. J Clin Periodontol. 2020; 47(3): 268-288.
5. Potempa J, Mydel P, Koziel J. The case for periodontitis in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017; 13(10): 606-620.
6. Preshaw PM, Bissett SM. Periodontitis and diabetes. Br Dent J. 2019; 227(7): 577-584.
7. Liang M, Li A, Lou A, Zhang X, Chen Y, Yang L, et al. Advanced oxidation protein products promote NADPH oxidase-dependent β-cell destruction and dysfunction through the Bcl-2/Bax apoptotic pathway. Lab Invest. 2017; 97(7): 792-805.
8. Zhao Y, Zhang L, Ouyang X, Jiang Z, Xie Z, Fan L, et al. Advanced oxidation protein products play critical roles in liver diseases. Eur J Clin Invest. 2019; e13098.
9. Rasool M, Malik A, Butt TT, Ashraf MAB, Rasool R, Zahid A, et al. Implications of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and other biomarkers in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2019; 26(2): 334-339.
10. Hendek MK, Erdemir EO, Kisa U. Advanced oxidation protein products and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in periodontal disease. Turk J Clin Lab. 2018; 9(1): 1-6.
11. Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod. 2004; 19(1): 41-47.
12. Eke PI, Page RC, Wei L, Thornton-Evans G, Genco RJ. Update of the case definitions for population-based surveillance of periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2012; 83(12): 1449-1454.
13. Nesse W, Abbas F, van der Ploeg I, Spijkervet FK, Dijkstra PU, Vissink A. Periodontal inflamed surface area: quantifying inflammatory burden. J Clin Periodontol. 2008; 35(8): 668-673.
14. Witko-Sarsat V, Friedlander M, Capeillère-Blandin C, Nguyen-Khoa T, Nguyen AT, Zingraff J, et al. Advanced oxidation protein products as a novel marker of oxidative stress in uremia. Kidney Int. 1996; 49(5): 1304-1313.
15. Kalousová M, Zima T, Tesař V, Lachmanová J. Advanced glycation end products and advanced oxidation protein products in hemodialyzed patients. Blood Purification. 2002;20(6):531-536.
16. Tanguturi SC, Nagarakanti S. Polycystic ovary syndrome and periodontal disease: Underlying links- a review. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2018; 22(2): 267-273.
17. Saglam E, Canakci CF, Sebin SO, Saruhan N, Ingec M, Canakci H, et al. Evaluation of oxidative status in patients with chronic periodontitis and polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross-sectional study. J Periodontol. 2018; 89(1): 76-84.
18. Zuo T, Zhu M, Xu W. Roles of oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome and cancers. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016; 2016: 8589318.
19. Özçaka Ö, Ceyhan BÖ, Akcali A, Biçakci N, Lappin DF, Buduneli N. Is there an interaction between polycystic ovary syndrome and gingival inflammation? J Periodontol. 2012; 83(12): 1529-1537.
20. Park SY, Ahn S, Lee JT, Yun PY, Lee YJ, Lee JY, et al. Periodontal inflamed surface area as a novel numerical variable describing periodontal conditions. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2017; 47(5): 328-338.
21. Ysrraelit MC, Correale J. Impact of sex hormones on immune function and multiple sclerosis development. Immunology. 2018; 156(1): 9–22.
22. Wu M, Chen SW, Su WL, Zhu HY, Ouyang SY, Cao YT, et al. Sex hormones enhance gingival inflammation without affecting IL-1β and TNF-α in periodontally healthy women during pregnancy. Mediators Inflamm. 2016; 2016: 4897890.
23. Melough MM, Sun X, Chun OK. The role of AOPP in age-related bone loss and the potential benefits of berry anthocyanins. Nutrients. 2017; 9(7): 789.
24. Kaya C, Erkan AF, Cengiz SD, Dünder I, Demirel ÖE, Bilgihan A. Advanced oxidation protein products are increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship with traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2009; 92(4): 1372-1377.
25. Dursun E, Akalin FA, Guncu GN, Cinar N, Aksoy DY, Tözüm TF, et al . Periodontal disease in polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2011; 95(1): 320-323.