Royan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)International Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X8320141001The CROWN Initiative: Journal Editors Invite Researchers to Develop Core Outcomes in Women’s Health22522645245ENJournal Article19700101https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45245_5d5ca83ce09c14e0bd6fdc6f026d3f54.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)International Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X8320141001The Luteal Phase after GnRHa Trigger-Understanding An Enigma22723445246ENKathrine Leth-MollerFaculty of Medical Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DenmarkSandra Hammer JagdFaculty of Medical Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DenmarkPeter HumaidanFaculty of Medical Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;The Fertility Clinic, Skive Regional Hospital, Skive, Denmark;Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkJournal Article19700101The luteal phase of all stimulated in vitro fertilization/intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles is disrupted, which makes luteal phase support (LPS) mandatory. The cause of the disruption is thought to be the multifollicular development achieved during ovarian stimulation which results in supraphysiological concentrations of steroids se- creted by a high number of corpora lutea during the early luteal phase. This will directly inhibit luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion by the pituitary via negative feedback at the level of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, leading to a luteal phase defect. With the intro- duction of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol, it became feasible to trigger final oocyte maturation and ovulation with a single bolus of GnRH agonist (GnRHa) as an alternative to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). GnRHa trig- gering presents several advantages, including the reduction in or even elimination of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Despite the potential advantages of GnRHa trig- gering, previous randomized controlled trials reported a poor clinical outcome with high rates of early pregnancy losses, despite supplementation with a standard LPS in the form of progesterone and estradiol. Following these disappointing results, several studies now report a luteal phase rescue after modifications of the LPS, resulting in a reproductive outcome comparable to that seen after hCG triggering. We herein review luteal phase dif- ferences between the natural cycle, hCG trigger and GnRHa trigger and present the most recent data on handling the luteal phase after GnRHa triggering.https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45246_1fd88ab3a3017c387fe9007e90d16536.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)International Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X8320141001Pregnancy Rate Following Luteal Phase Support in Iranian Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome23524245247ENFatemeh ForoozanfardGametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IranHamidreza SaberiDepartment of Occupational Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences,
Kashan, IranSeyed Alireza MoravejiDepartment of Social Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences,
Kashan, IranFatemeh Bazarganipour4Hormozgan Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical
Sciences, Bandarabbas, IranJournal Article19700101<b>Background</b><br> To assess the efficacy of luteal phase support (LPS) using intravaginal progesterone (P) on pregnancy rate in Iranian women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) who used a combination for ovulation induction consisting of letrozole or clomi- phene citrate (CC) and human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG). <br><b>Materials and Methods</b><br> This was a randomized clinical trial undertaken in a fertility clinic in Kashan, Isfahan Province, Iran. A total of 198 patients completed treatment and follow up. Base on chosen ovulation induction programs, they were divided into two following group: i. CC group (n=98) used a combination consisting of CC (100 mg×5 day) and HMG (150 IU×5 day) and ii. letrozole group (n=100) used a combination consisting of letrozole (5 mg×5 day) and HMG (150 IU×5 day). After human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration (5000 IU), the patients (n=122) who randomly re- ceived intravaginal P (Cyclogest, 400 mg daily) were included in LPS group, while the rest (n=123) were included in non-P cycles group. The outcome was the comparison of chemical pregnancy rate between the groups. <br><b>Results</b><br> Our findings showed that LPS was associated with a 10% higher pregnancy rate than in non-P cycles, although this difference did not reach statistical significant (p=0.08). LPS improved pregnancy rate in both CC (4%) and letrozole (6%) groups. In addition, patients who used letrozole for ovulation induction along with intravaginal P showed higher pregnancy rates than CC group. <br><b>Conclusion</b><br> Administration of vaginal P for LPS may improve the pregnancy rate in women with PCOS using letrozole or CC in combination with HMG for ovulation induc- tion (Registration Number: IRCT201206072967N4).https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45247_5dde5c0cc9df76dd31242eeb42f33eb0.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)International Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X8320141001Effect of Piroxicam on ART Outcome: A Pilot Study24324845248ENFarnaz SohrabvandDepartment of Infertility, Vali-e-Asr Hospital , Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, IranFedyeh HaghollahiVali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Vali-e-Asr Hospital , Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, IranMasoomeh MaasomiVali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Vali-e-Asr Hospital , Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, IranMamak ShariatMaternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article19700101<b>Background</b><br> One of the most important factors affecting success rates in assisted reproductive techniques (ART) besides the number of oocytes retrieved and high quality embryos derived from them is the technical aspects of embryo transfer. It seems that pretreatement with uterine relaxants can be helpful in preventing un- pleasant cramps which can have an adverse effect on ART outcome. In this respect, some drugs such as prostaglandin inhibitors or sedatives have been evaluated but not confirmed yet remain controversial. This study was performed in order to assess the effect of administrating Piroxicam prior to embryo transfer on pregnancy rates in ART cycles. <br><b>Materials and Methods</b><br> This pilot study was performed from August 2010 through December 2011 on 50 infertile women in ART cycles. Recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) with a long gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue protocol were used for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. The subjects were randomly allocated into two groups of 25 patients after obtaining written consent. Group A received a 10 mg Piroxicam capsule 30 minutes before embryo transfer and group B was the control group with no treatment. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and analysis of variance (ANOVA). <br><b>Results</b><br> Pregnancy rate was 34% (n=17) totally, with 32% (n=8) in group A and 36% (n=9) in group B (p=0.75). Uterine cramps were experienced by 4 women (16%) in group B, while none were reported by women in group A (p=0.037). <br><b>Conclusion</b><br> It seems that Piroxicam administration 30 minutes prior to embryo transfer can- not increase pregnancy rates, but can prevent or reduce uterine cramps after the procedure.https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45248_b2b22f355181608d6da6f2586b4c957e.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)International Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X8320141001Comparison between Conventional Blind Embryo Transfer and Embryo Transfer Based on Previously Measured Uterine Length24925445249ENNasrin SaharkhizInfertility and Reproductive Health Research Center (IRHRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranRoshan NikbakhtDepartment of Infertility and IVF, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, IranSaghar SalehpourInfertility and Reproductive Health Research Center (IRHRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article19700101<b>Background</b><br> Embryo transfer (ET) is one of the most important steps in assisted re- productive technology (ART) cycles and affected by many factors namely the depth of embryo deposition in uterus. In this study, the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injec- tion (ICSI) cycles after blind embryo transfer and embryo transfer based on previously measured uterine length using vaginal ultrasound were compared. <br><b>Materials and Methods</b><br> This prospective randomised clinical trial included one hun- dred and forty non-donor fresh embryo transfers during January 2010 to June 2011. In group I, ET was performed using conventional (blind) method at 5-6cm from the external os, and in group II, ET was done at a depth of 1-1.5 cm from the uterine fundus based on previously measured uterine length using vaginal sonography. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t test and Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. The software that we used was PASW statistics version 18. A p valuehttps://www.ijfs.ir/article_45249_2c6e2775defd8bca3b97194b16d15de2.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)International Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X8320141001Age, Body Mass Index, and Number of Previous Trials: Are They Prognosticators of Intra-Uterine-Insemination for Infertility Treatment?25526045250ENAhmed M. IsaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Conception Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University,
Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaBasim Abu-RafeaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Conception Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University,
Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaSaleh A. AlasiriDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Conception Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University,
Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaSaleh BinsalehDepartment of Surgery, Division of Urology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaKareema H. IsmailDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Conception Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University,
Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaGeorge A. VilosWestern Ontario University, London, Ontario, CanadaJournal Article19700101<b>Background</b><br> To examine whether pregnancy rate (PR) of intrauterine insemination (IUI) is related to certain demographic factors, such as age and body mass index (BMI), along with number of IUI cycles performed, a set of infertile Saudi women. <br><b>Materials and Methods</b><br> During this prospective study (a 24-month period), 301 Saudi women with infertility underwent IUI in our infertility clinic. We investigated whether PR is correlated with patient age and BMI, and the number of IUI trials, in order to determine if they could be used as prognosticators of pregnancy success. <br><b>Results</b><br> The highest PR was 14.89% for ages 19-25 and the lowest PR was 4.16% for ages 41-45, indicating no statistically significant difference among PR in all age groups (p value of 0.225). Also, in terms of BMI, the highest PR was 13.04% for BMI ≥35 and the lowest was 7.84% for BMI ofhttps://www.ijfs.ir/article_45250_5721148db1b3a3c5c054f45d4c1f4d5f.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)International Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X8320141001Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in University Students: Occurrence and Associated Factors26126645251ENAmita AttleeAsma NusrallaRashida EqbalHanaa SaidMona HashimReyad Shaker ObaidJournal Article19700101<b>Background</b><br> The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its association with body composition among students in University of Sharjah (UOS). <br><b>Materials and Methods</b><br> This cross-sectional study included a total sample size of 50 female students registering in undergraduate programs at the University of Sharjah using convenience sampling technique. A pretested interview schedule was administered to elicit information pertaining to personal background and medical history related to PCOS. A diag- nostic ultrasound scan was performed for determining PCOS along with a body composition analysis using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technology. <br><b>Results</b><br> Twenty percent (10 out of 50 participants) were diagnosed with PCOS, of whom only 4 individuals were previously diagnosed with PCOS and aware of their conditions, while the reports showed 16% with oligomenorrhea, 4% with polymenorrhea, and none with amen- orrhea. A positive family history was indicated as reported by 22% of the total participants. Significant difference between the body weights of participants having PCOS (66.7 kg) and those without it (58.8 kg) were noted (p=0.043, t=2.084). On the other hand, the body compo- sition related variables including waist-hip ratio (WHR), fat-free mass (FFM), percent body fat (PBF) and visceral fat area (VFA) were relatively higher in participants having PCOS than those without it. However, there was no statistical significance of differences. Comparatively, the participants with PCOS had lower bone mineral density (BMD) than those without it, whereas the difference was statistically non-significant. <br><b>Conclusion</b><br> The occurrence of PCOS in the present study is consistent with the global preva- lence. Comparatively, the body composition of PCOS females is different from the normal fe- males. Further studies are required in the Middle East region on larger sample sizes and broader aspects of health including lifestyle and dietary components to understand these differences.https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45251_158cd6463356f0f751b1f84fc9fe4cb3.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)International Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X8320141001Age at Menopause and Its Main Predictors among Iranian Women26727245252ENFatemeh ShobeiriMother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranMansour NazariDepartment of Entomology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences,
Hamadan, IranJournal Article19700101<b>Background</b><br> Since time of menopause is influenced by a variety of racial, environmental, and physiological factors, determining age at natural menopause and its main indicators seems to be necessary. The present study attempted to determine average age at menopause and its main predictors among Iranian women. <br><b>Materials and Methods</b><br> This descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 400 postmenopausal women aged 43 to 65 years attending the health centers in Hamadan, Hamadan Province, Iran, during 2013. Due to potential effects of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) on age of menopause, we considered two groups of women with and without OCP use using cluster sampling method. Data were collected through individual interviews at the health centers. <br><b>Results</b><br> The findings showed significant univariate relationships between age at menopause with some baseline variables including mother’s age at menopause (p < 0.001), mother and spouse with high educational level (p < 0.001), passive cigarette smoking (p < 0.001), weekly physical activity (p < 0.001), and high family income (p < 001). Adversely, smoking was associated with early menopause. <br><b>Conclusion</b><br> The postmenopausal women doing intense weekly physical activity, having mothers with late menopause, having higher monthly income, and experiencing later-age pregnancy are likely to reach menopause later than their contemporaries, while smokers have an early menopause.https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45252_dfcf99b1b31c6307b20d80edc5cd3901.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)International Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X8320141001Sexual Functioning among Married Iranian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome27328045253ENFatemeh BazarganipourHormozgan Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, IranSaeideh ZiaeiFaculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranAli MontazeriMental Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research,
ACECR, Tehran, IranFatemeh Foroozanfard4Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IranAnoshirvan Kazemnejad5Department of Biostatistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranSoghrat Faghihzadeh6Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranJournal Article19700101<b>Background</b><br> This study aimed to assess sexual functioning among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Iran. <br><b>Materials and Methods</b><br> A cross-sectional study was conducted to ascertain factors re- lated to sexual functioning in 300 PCOS patients attending to the private practice centers in Kashan, Isfahan Province, Iran, from May to October 2012. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used to measure sexual functioning. Moreover, the socio-demo-graphic details and clinical information of PCOS including obesity, hirsutism, acne, mestrual cycle disturbances, infertility and endocrine profile were recorded for each patient. <br><b>Results</b><br> Overall the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) was 16.6%. In particular patients indicated poorer sexual functioning for the desire (48.3%) and the arousal (44.7%) subscales. Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested patients with lower educational level (OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.46-5.92) and irregular menstrual status (OR: 4.61; 95% CI: 1.93-11) were more likely to report sexual dysfunction. <br><b>Conclusion</b><br> The findings suggest that desire and arousal were the most prevalent sexual disorders reported in this patient population. In addition, findings suggested that women with limited or no formal education and a history of menstrual irregularities were the most likely to report female sexual dysfunction. Further investigations are needed to examine female sexual functioning among women with PCOS, to educate their health care providers, and to develop therapeutic interventions.https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45253_3aae740c9ed318e121b23b8d2cab9453.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)International Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X8320141001The Study of Sexual Satisfaction in Iranian Women Applying for Divorce28128845254ENFarzad GheshlaghiDepartment of Clinical Toxicology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranGholamali DorvashiDepartment of Clinical Toxicology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranFarzaneh AranIsfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranFaranak ShafieiIsfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranGita Montazeri NajafabadiIsfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranJournal Article19700101<b>Background</b><br> Marital instability is affected by many factors. In Iran, socio-cultural and political limitations are obstacles for sexuality-related studies; therefore, insufficient in- formation is available in this area. In the present research, we investigated the relation- ship between marital instability and sexual satisfaction among Iranian women. <br><b>Materials and Methods</b><br> A case-control study was carried out to investigate women ap- plying for divorce in comparison with our controls during 2011 to 2012 in Isfahan, Iran. Data gathering was done using a questionnaire including two parts: socio-demographic information and factors influencing sexual satisfaction. Larson Inventory of Sexual Sat- isfaction for determining sexual satisfaction was used to determine sexual satisfaction. <br><b>Results</b><br> Divorce rate is significantly related to sexual satisfaction (p=0.009). There were also significant relationships between sexual satisfaction and the following variables: age, economic status, amount of income, duration of marriage, number of children, hous- ing, alcohol/drug abuse by spouse, being beaten by spouse, compulsory marriage, second marriage of spouse, and being happy with current partner. <br><b>Conclusion</b><br> Sexual satisfaction plays an important role in marital stability of Iranian women. Thus, development of practical strategies in order to provide cultural intervention is needed to improve Iranian couples’ awareness of their sexual relationship. Indeed, train- ings in communication skills through sexual encounters are essential.https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45254_1818bb0b3e83af2292e4b35495ae5060.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)International Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X8320141001A Survey on Oocyte Donation: Turkish Fertile and Infertile Women’s Opinions28929845255ENAygul AkyuzSchool of Nursing, Koc University, Istanbul, TurkeyNese SeverSchool of Nursing, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, TurkeyEmre KarasahinDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, TurkeyGulten GuvencSchool of Nursing, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, TurkeySuzan CekDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, TurkeyJournal Article19700101<b>Background</b><br> There are various treatment options for infertility, and new techniques are also being developed as it is an important healthcare problem affecting approximately 15-20% of married couples. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of infor- mation of fertile and infertile Turkish women on oocyte donation in order to understand their awareness of the legal, ethical, social and religious issues regarding this technique and to compare these two groups in terms of these variables. <br><b>Materials and Methods</b><br> This cross-sectional study included infertile women being treated at the assisted reproductive technologies (ART) program of a university hos- pital and women who had presented at the gynecology outpatients department of the same university for routine check-ups and who had no previous history of infertility. After consulting with specialists in the field and searching the related literature, a data collection form having 22 questions for infertile women and 18 questions for fertile women was prepared. <br><b>Results</b><br> The women were asked whether they would use the oocytes of another woman if necessary. The results showed that 67.6% of the fertile women said they would never want to use this method, while 63.9% of the infertile women stated they may accept to use this method under certain conditions (two distinct answers appeared in the answers, some women stated they would prefer donated oocytes from close relatives, while others stated they would prefer oocytes from total strangers), such as from a close relative or from someone they do not know at all. <br><b>Conclusion</b><br> Infertile women mentioned that they could use illegal routes if necessary to have a child at much higher rates than stated by fertile women. This shows that desire to have a child is a strong source of motivation in Turkey.https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45255_beba810931cc71010ba550ea51045ea2.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)International Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X8320141001The Attitude of South Korean People Regarding Usage of The Internet Perinatal Consultation29930245256ENTae-Hee Kim KimHae-Hyeog Lee LeeSoo-Ho ChungJournal Article19700101<b>Background</b><br> To the general public, the Internet is an acceptable method of obtaining information. It also plays an important role in guiding patients and solving their problems. We investigated the clinical characteristics of an Internet website to provide guidelines and tips for consultation. <br><b>Materials and Methods</b><br> In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed the use of a free public Internet perinatal consultation website provided by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea. We evaluated 2,254 Internet perinatal consultations and assessments of prenatal and obstetrics from August 2006 to December 2009. We evaluated the patients’ questions based on Williams’ textbook categories and their clinical characteristics. <br><b>Results</b><br> The mean age of patients seeking consultation was 33.9 ± 13.2 years, and parity was 1.2 ± 0.5. The most commonly asked questions were about drug safety during pregnancy (20.4%), and questions regarding prenatal care (18.7%) and labor pain (15.4%) were the second and third most commonly asked questions, respectively. <br><b>Conclusion</b><br> The Internet can provide good information to patients. Thus, guidelines regarding pregnancy-related questions and answers should be created. Obstetricians could use our data to identify question tendencies.https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45256_4747038f5e484c71ca9ad8e1b0989193.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)International Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X8320141001A Sectional Study: The Relationship between Perceived Social Support and Depression in Turkish Infertile Women30331445257ENKubra ErdemSerap Ejder ApayJournal Article19700101<b>Background</b><br> Studies conducted on infertile women in the literature investigated some features such as depression, anxiety, loneliness, and social support. However, there has been no study examining the relationship between levels of perceived social support and depression in infertile women. Considering this deficiency, the study was conducted to determine the relationship between perceived social support and depression in infertile women. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between perceived social support and depression in infertile women. <br><b>Materials and Methods</b><br> This descriptive and sectional study was conducted between 16 April and 31 October 2012 in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) Centre of Fırat University Re- search Hospital. Sampling formula was used in cases when the number of elements in the population was not known to calculate minimum sample size required to be included in the study. A total of 238 women who applied to the relevant centre between the specified dates constituted the sample group of the study. A Questionnaire Form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used to collect the data. A pilot study was carried out on nine infertile women. As a result of the pilot study, we formed the final version of the Questionnaire Form. The data of these nine women were not involved in the research. The data obtained from the study was assessed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 15.0. Percentage distribution, mean, t test, one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA), and Pearson correlation analysis were used to evaluate the data. <br><b>Results</b><br> The women’s total mean score on the BDI was 12.55 ± 8.07. Scores obtained by women on the MSPSS was 15.75 ± 8.53 for the subscale of friend, 21.52 ± 8.20 for the subscale of family, and 15.62 ± 8.45 for the subscale of significant others. The women’s total MSPSS score was 52.89 ± 21.75. <br><b>Conclusion</b><br> A significant, negative relationship was found between total BDI score with subscale and total mean scores of MSPSS (r= -0.596, p < 0.01). Symptoms of depression decreased as the women’s perceived social support increased.https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45257_e82b457831b70e2c192c647dc47d5a0f.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)International Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X8320141001Infertile Individuals’ Marital Relationship Status, Happiness, and Mental Health: A Causal Model31532445258ENSeyed Habiballah Ahmadi ForooshanyDepartment of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranFariba YazdkhastiDepartment of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranSaiede Safari HajataghaieDepartment of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranMohammad Hossein Nasr EsfahaniDepartment of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan
Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran;Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, IranJournal Article19700101<b>Background</b><br> This study examined the causal model of relation between marital relation- ship status, happiness, and mental health in infertile individuals. <br><b>Materials and Methods</b><br> In this descriptive study, 155 subjects (men: 52 and women: 78), who had been visited in one of the infertility Centers, voluntarily participated in a self-evaluation. Golombok Rust Inventory of Marital Status, Oxford Happiness Ques- tionnaire, and General Health Questionnaire were used as instruments of the study. Data was analyzed by SPSS17 and Amos 5 software using descriptive statistics, independent sample t test, and path analysis. <br><b>Results</b><br> Disregarding the gender factor, marital relationship status was directly related to happiness (p < 0.05) and happiness was directly related to mental health, (p < 0.05). Also, indirect relation between marital relationship status and mental health was significant (p < 0.05). These results were confirmed in women participants but in men participants only the direct relation between happiness and mental health was significant (p < 0.05). <br><b>Conclusion</b><br> Based on goodness of model fit in fitness indexes, happiness had a mediator role in relation between marital relationship status and mental health in infertile individu- als disregarding the gender factor. Also, considering the gender factor, only in infertile women, marital relationship status can directly and indirectly affect happiness and mental health.https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45258_58e81906299be846d0af110a947efd4f.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)International Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X8320141001Effects of In Vitro Zinc Sulphate Additive to The Semen Extender on Water Buffalo (Bubalusbubalis) Spermatozoa before and after Freezing32533245259ENKamran DorostkarDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Azad University, Sanandaj Branch,
Sanandaj, IranSayed Mortaza Alavi ShoushtariDivision of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University,
Urmia, IranAmir KhakiDivision of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University,
Urmia, IranJournal Article19700101<b>Background</b><br> The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of in vitro zinc sulphate additive to semen extender on sperm parameters (progressive motility, viability, membrane integrity and DNA stability) after cryopreservation. <br><b>Materials and Methods</b><br> In this Prospective longitudinal laboratory study, semen samples of 5 buffalo bulls of 3-5 years old were collected at 5 different occasions from Iran, Urmia during summer and autumn 2011, 25 samples were used in each treatment. Sperm progressive motility, viability and abnormal morphology were measured before and at 0.5 (T0), 1(T1) and 2(T2) hours after diluting semen(1:10 v/v) in Tris-citric acid based extender (without egg yolk and glycerol) at 37˚C containing none (control group), 0.072, 0.144, 0.288, 0.576 and 1.152 mg/L zinc sulphate to investigate dose and time effects. Next, a Tris-citric acid-egg yolk-glycerol extender (20% egg yolk and 7% glycerol) containing the same amount of zinc sulphate was prepared, diluted semen (1:10 v/v) was cooled and kept into a refrigerated chamber (4˚C) for 4 hours to equilibrate. Sperm progressive motility, viability, abnormal morphology, membrane integrity and DNA damage were estimated.The equilibrated semen was loaded in 0.5 ml French straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Later, the frozen semen was thawed and the same parameters as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the frozen-thawed semen were determined. <br><b>Results</b><br> The results showed that zinc sulphate additive at the rate of 0.288 mg/L gave a higher protection of sperm progressive motility (53.7 ± 1.8% vs. 40.5 ± 1.7%), viability (70.8 ± 1.8% vs. 60.1 ± 1.5%), membrane integrity (67.3 ± 1.6% vs. 56.6 ± 1.7%), DNA stability (10.1 ± 0.47% vs. 11.8 ± 0.33% damaged DNA) through the process of dilution, equilibration and freeze-thawing and caused a higher TAC level (81 ± 3.3% vs. 63 ± 3.2 µmol/L) after freez-thawing compared to the control group. Adding 0.576 and 1.152 mg/L zinc sulphate, however, was deleterious to the sperm and significantly reduced the studied sperm parameters. <br><b>Conclusion</b><br> Adding 0.288 mg/L zinc sulphate to the extender, compared to the control group, gives a better sperm preservation upon freezing processes which in turn, may results in higher semen fertility. But, addition of higher zinc sulphate concentrations (0.576 and 1.152 mg/L) are detrimental to buffalo spermatozoa.https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45259_2d62a9f5e6b0fd0eb1cd062aa5b71df3.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)International Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X8320141001Expression of RFamide-Related Peptide-3 (RFRP-3) mRNA in Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus and KiSS-1 mRNA in Arcuate Nucleus of Rat during Pregnancy33334045260ENFatemeh Sabet SarvestaniTransgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, IranAmin TamadonTransgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, Iran;Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-0222-3035Omid Koohi-HosseinabadiLaboratory Animal Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranSaeed Mohammadi NezhadTransgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, IranFarhad Rahmanifar4Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University,
Shiraz, IranMohammad Reza Jafarzadeh Shirazi5Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranNader TanidehTransgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, Iran;6Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical
Sciences, Shiraz, IranAli Moghadam7Biotechnology Institute, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranAli Niazi7Biotechnology Institute, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranJournal Article19700101<b>Background</b><br> RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) and kisspeptin (KiSS-1) are known to respectively inhibit and stimulate gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and lute- inizing hormone (LH) secretion in rat. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relative mRNA expression of RFRP-3 and KiSS-1 in the hypothalamus of pregnant rats. <br><b>Materials and Methods</b><br> In a randomized controlled experimental study, the exact preg- nancy day of 18 Sprague-Dawley rats were confirmed using the vaginal smear method and were equally assigned to three groups of days 7, 14 and 21 of pregnancy. Four non- pregnant female rats were ovariectomized and assigned as the control group. All rats were decapitated, and the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) and the arcuate nucleus (ARC) for detection of KiSS-1 mRNA were separated from their hypothalamus to detect RFRP-3 and KiSS-1 mRNA respectively. Then, their relative expressions were compared between control and pregnant groups using real-time polymerase chain reac- tion (PCR). <br><b>Results</b><br> The relative expression of RFRP-3 mRNA in DMH did not change significantly during pregnancy (p > 0.01). However, the relative expression of KiSS-1 mRNA in ARC was at its highest in day 7 of pregnancy and decreased until day 21 of pregnancy (p < 0.01). <br><b>Conclusion</b><br> Decrease in GnRH and LH secretion during the pregnancy of rat may be controlled by constant expression of RFRP-3 mRNA and reduced expression of KiSS-1 mRNA in hypothalamus.https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45260_3af6cd37573618c6fb2efa3d97c71052.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)International Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X8320141001Early Pregnancy Loss Following Laparoscopic Management of Ovarian Abscess Secondary to Oocyte Retrieval34134645261ENEmre Goksan PabuccuDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, TurkeySalih TaskinDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, TurkeyCem AtabekogluDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey;Division of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecologic Endocrinology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, TurkeyMurat SonmezerDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey;Division of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecologic Endocrinology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey0000-0001-6101-1414Journal Article19700101Severe pelvic infections following ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte retrieval (TVOR) are rare but challenging. Ovarian abscess formation is one of the consequences and management of such cases as highly debated in pregnant patients. In this case report, an early fetal loss following laparoscopic management of ovarian abscess is described and possible etiologies are discussed.https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45261_8123271a71ffe19d1e6973b27d535812.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)International Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X8320141001Placenta Percreta Resulting in Incomplete Spontaneous Abortion in First Trimester34735045262ENMine GencDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sifa University School of Medicine, Izmir, TurkeyBerhan GencDepartment of Radiology, Sifa University School of Medicine, Izmir, TurkeyAynur SolakDepartment of Radiology, Sifa University School of Medicine, Izmir, TurkeyOya Nermin SivrikozDepartment of Patology, Sifa University School of Medicine, Izmir, TurkeyJournal Article19700101Placenta percreta is a rare complication potentially fatal to fetus and the mother. We present here a 41-year-old female patient who underwent curettage for incomplete abortion at 6th week of pregnancy. She had persistent vaginal bleeding for 2 months after the curettage, for which she was treated with hysterectomy. Preoperative ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) made the diagnosis of placenta percreta. Postoperative pathological examination confirmed this diagnosis.https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45262_c4ac56890b36076b576e7d326d4ac260.pdf