TY - JOUR ID - 45296 TI - Varicocele-Induced Infertility in Animal Models JO - International Journal of Fertility and Sterility JA - IJFS LA - en SN - 2008-076X AU - Razi, Mazdak AU - Malekinejad, Hassan AD - Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran AD - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia Medical University, Urmia, Iran Abs Y1 - 2015 PY - 2015 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 141 EP - 149 KW - infertility KW - Inflammation KW - Oxidative stress KW - Varicocele KW - Fertilization DO - 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4234 N2 - Varicocele is characterized by abnormal tortuosity and dilation of the veins of the pampiniform plexus within the spermatic cord. Although several reports show the mechanisms by which the varicocele exerts its infertility impact, the exact pathophysiology for varicocele-induced inflammation and its relationship with testicular endocrine disruption remain largely unknown. This review article will update previous findings by discussing the pathophysiology of long term-induced varicocele in rats. Testicular endocrine disruption in experimentally-induced varicocele, new findings related to biochemical alterations in germinal epithelium, and sperm cells apoptosis are highlighted. Recent observations show that varicocele down-regulates first and second maturation divisions, results in Leydig and Sertoli cell inflammation, and increases immune cell infiltration in the testes of the rat as an animal model. Ultimately, previous findings of our laboratory have revealed that varicocele decreased sperm motility, viability and severe DNA damage. Damage in sperm significantly lowers the animal’s fertility potential. Varicocele not only exerts its pathologic impact by lowering the testicular antioxidant capacity but it also down-regulates first and second maturation divisions by exerting biochemical alterations such as reducing the intracytoplasmic carbohydrate ratio in germinal epithelium. UR - https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45296.html L1 - https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45296_fff97553463bb9ad343e6d899e6bae14.pdf ER -