TY - JOUR ID - 45200 TI - Hysterosalpingographic Appearances of Female Genital Tract Tuberculosis: Part I. Fallopian Tube JO - International Journal of Fertility and Sterility JA - IJFS LA - en SN - 2008-076X AU - Ahmadi, Firoozeh AU - Zafarani, Fatemeh AU - Shahrzad, Gholam AD - Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 245 EP - 252 KW - Female Genital Tuberculosis KW - Hysterosalpingography KW - Fallopian tube DO - N2 - Female genital tuberculosis (TB) remains as a major cause of tubal obstruction leading to infertility, especially in developing countries. The global prevalence of genital tuberculosis has increased during the past two decades due to increasing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Genital TB is commonly asymptomatic, and it is diagnosed during infertility investigations. Despite of recent advances in imaging tools, such as computerized tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasongraphy, hysterosalpingography is still the standard screening test for evaluation of tubal infertility and a valuable tool for diagnosis of female genital tuberculosis. Tuberculosis gives rise to various appearances on hysterosalpingography (HSG) from non-specific changes to specific findings. The present pictorial review illustrates and describes specific and non-specific radiographic features of female genital tuberculosis in two parts. Part I presents specific findings of tuberculosis related to tubes such as "beaded tube", "golf club tube", "pipestem tube", "cobble stone tube" and "leopard skin tube". Part II describes adverse effects of tuberculosis on structure of endometrium and radiological specific findings such as "dwarfed" uterus with lymphatic intravasation and occluded tubes, "T-shaped" tuberculosis uterus, "pseudounicornuate" uterus and "Collar-stud abscess", which have not been encountered in the majority of non-tuberculosis cases. UR - https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45200.html L1 - https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45200_da019f20f32fb7aaf1ca7282a56ec384.pdf ER -