ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Role of Arginine-Phenylalanine-Amide-Related Peptides in Mammalian Reproduction
Until 2000 it was believed that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was the sole regulator of hypophyseal gonadotropes. In 2000, the discovery of a gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) initiated a revolution in the field of reproductive physiology. Identification of GnIH homologues in mammals, the arginine-phenylalanine-amide (RFamide)-related peptides (RFRPs), indicated a similar function. Subsequently, further works conducted in various laboratories worldwide have shown that these neuropeptides inhibit the hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis. This review discusses the role of RFRPs in mammalian reproductive processes.
https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45313_dc50eee4690bb80614a8721317ee2689.pdf
2015-10-01
268
276
10.22074/ijfs.2015.4540
RFamide
related peptide
Gonadotropin Inhibitory Hormone
Reproduction
Mammals
Mohammad Saied
Salehi
a@c.com
1
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Amin
Tamadon
amintamaddon@yahoo.com
2
Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Jafarzadeh Shirazi
3
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Namavar
4
Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Javad
Zamiri
zamiri@shirazu.ac.ir
5
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
In Vitro Fertilization, Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Factors and Lipid Peroxidation
Background Infertility is a problem concerning 10-15% of the individuals in the fertile period. This study investigated effects of proinflammatory factors as well as lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) levels upon in vitro fertilization (IVF) success. Materials and Methods In this prospective, non-randomized, controlled clinical study, sera obtained from 26 fertile (group-1), 26 infertile women before (group-2) and after (group-3) IVF treatment were analyzed. Leptin, leptin receptor, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). LPO was determined spectrophotometrically. Mann- Whitney U test, paired samples t test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test as well as Pearson correlation analysis by SPSS were performed for statistical analysis. Results TNF-α, resistin and LPO levels increased (P=0.020, P=0.003, P=0.001, respectively) in group-3 compared to group-2. A significant increase in LPO was noted both in group-2 and -3 compared to controls (P=0.000). LPO were higher in non-pregnants than pregnants in group-2. For pregnants, significant correlations were observed between leptin and resistin in group-2 and TNF-α and leptin in group-3. None of these correlations were found for the women, who could not conceive. Conclusion LPO, leptin-resistin correlation, associations with TNF-α may be helpful during the interpretation of IVF success rates.
https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45314_e0d2e903b55082ef51f97cd643c2e53f.pdf
2015-10-01
277
284
10.22074/ijfs.2015.4541
infertility
Leptin
Resistin
TNF
α
Lipid peroxidation
Ferdag
Yildizfer
1
Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
AUTHOR
Orkide
Donma
odonma@gmail.com
2
Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mustafa
Yen
3
Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
AUTHOR
Ozlem
Ekmekci
4
Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
AUTHOR
Zubeyde Asli
Karatas Kul
5
Ministry of Health, Diyarbakir Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
AUTHOR
Zafer
Keser
6
University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
AUTHOR
Ahmet
Esat Imal
7
4Tufts Medical Center, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Boston, USA
AUTHOR
Emin
Cagil
8
Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
AUTHOR
Murat
Mengi
9
Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
AUTHOR
Hakan
Ekmekci
10
Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
AUTHOR
Sezai
Sahmay
11
Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
AUTHOR
Burcin
Nalbantoglu
12
5Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
AUTHOR
Mustafa Metin
Donma
13
5Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of The Effectiveness of Clomiphene Citrate versus Letrozole in Mild IVF in Poor Prognosis Subfertile Women with Failed IVF Cycles
Background Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of clomiphene citrate (CC) vs. letrozole (L) plus human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol in poor prognosis women with previous failed ovarian stimulation undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort study included cycles with CC and L plus hMG/GnRH antagonist protocols of 32 poor responders who had failed to have ideal follicles to be retrieved during oocyte pick-up (OPU) or embryo transfer (ET) at least for 2 previous in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles with microdose flare protocol or GnRH antagonist protocol from January 2006 to December 2009. Main outcome measures were implantation, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates per cycle. Duration of stimulation, mean gonadotropin dose used, endometrial thickness, number of mature follicles, serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration, number of retrieved oocytes and fertilization rates were also evaluated. Results A total number of 42 cycles of 32 severe poor responders were evaluated. Total gonadotropin consumption was significantly lower (1491 ± 873 vs. 2808 ± 1581 IU, P=0.005) and mean E2 level on the day of hCG injection were significantly higher in CC group than L group (443.3 ± 255.2 vs. 255.4 ± 285.2 pg/mL, P=0.03). ET, overall pregnancy and live birth rates per cycle were significantly higher in CC than L protocol (27.2 vs. 15%, 13.6 vs. 0% and 4.5 vs. 0%, respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusion Severe poor responders who had previously failed to respond to microdose or GnRH antagonist protocols may benefit from CC plus hMG/GnRH antagonist protocol despite high cancellation rate.
https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45315_89d0c8452d6f2d64c6892afdf2e1f5eb.pdf
2015-10-01
285
291
10.22074/ijfs.2015.4542
ICSI
Ovarian Response
clomiphene citrate
Letrozole
ovarian stimulation
Mesut
Oktem
1
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
AUTHOR
Ismail
Guler
driguler@yahoo.com
2
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehmet
Erdem
3
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
AUTHOR
Ahmet
Erdem
4
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
AUTHOR
Nuray
Bozkurt
5
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
AUTHOR
Onur
Karabacak
6
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Increasing The Number of Embryos Transferred from Two to Three, Does not Increase Pregnancy Rates in Good Prognosis Patients
Background To compare the pregnancy outcomes after two embryos versus three embryos transfers (ETs) in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was performed on three hundred eighty seven women with primary infertility and with at least one fresh embryo in good quality in order to transfer at each IVF/ICSI cycle, from September 2006 to June 2010. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the number of ET as follows: ET2 and ET3 groups, indicating two and three embryos were respectively transferred. Pregnancy outcomes were compared between ET2 and ET3 groups. Chi square and student t tests were used for data analysis. Results Clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were similar between two groups. The rates of multiple pregnancies were 27 and 45.2% in ET2 and ET3 groups, respectively. The rate of multiple pregnancies in young women was significantly increased when triple instead of double embryos were transferred. Logistic regression analysis indicated two significant prognostic variables for live birth that included number and quality of transferred embryos; it means that the chance of live birth following ICSI treatment increased 3.2-fold when the embryo with top quality (grade A) was transferred, but the number of ET had an inverse relationship with live birth rate; it means that probability of live birth in women with transfer of two embryos was three times greater than those who had three ET. Conclusion Due to the difficulty of implementation of the elective single-ET technique in some infertility centers in the world, we suggest transfer of double instead of triple embryos when at least one good quality embryo is available for transfer in women aged 39 years or younger. However, to reduce the rate of multiple pregnancies, it is recommended to consider the elective single ET strategy.
https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45316_588204f2b2f5e70b1861ebaa9f4867b2.pdf
2015-10-01
292
299
10.22074/ijfs.2015.4543
Embryo transfer
Sperm Injections
Intracytoplasmic
Live Birth Rate
Mahnaz
Ashrafi
ashrafim@royaninstitute.org
1
Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran;Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicin
AUTHOR
Tahereh
Madani
tahereh.madani@gmail.com
2
Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mina
Movahedi
3
Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Arezoo
Arabipoor
arezoo.arabipoor@gmail.com
4
Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Leili
Karimian
5
Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Elaheh
Mirzaagha
6
Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Chehrazi
7
4Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluating The Effective Factors in Pregnancy after Intrauterine Insemination: A Retrospective Study
Background Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in conjunction with intrauterine inseminations (IUI) are commonly used to treat infertile couples. In this study we evaluated the relationship between IUI outcome and special causes of infertility. We also aimed to examine parameters that might predict success following IUI. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, we included 994 IUI cycles in 803 couples who referred to the infertility Institute. All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS program, t tests and chi-square. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to compare the association between dependent and independent variables. Logistic regression was conducted to build a prediction model of the IUI outcome. Results Overall pregnancy rate per completed cycle (16.5%) and live birth rate per cycle (14.5%). The mean age in the pregnant group was significantly lower than that of the non-pregnant group (P=0.01).There was an association between cause of infertility and clinical pregnancies (P < 0.001). Logistic regression identified four significant factors in determining the success of the IUI [menstrual irregularites (OR:2.3, CI:1.6-3.4, P < 0.001), duration of infertility (OR:0.8, CI:0.8-0.9, P < 0.001), total dose of gonadotropin (OR:1.02, CI:1.003-1.04, P=0.02) and semen volume (OR:1.1, CI:1.008-1.2, P=0.03)] which were the most predictive of IUI success. Conclusion Our study defined prognostic factors for pregnancy in COH+IUI. These variables can be integrated into a mathematical model to predict the chance of pregnancy rate in subsequent COH+IUI cycles.
https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45317_02915807515e84ac18efd77c6ebdc82d.pdf
2015-10-01
300
308
10.22074/ijfs.2015.4544
Pregnancy Rate
infertility
Prognostic Factors
Firoozeh
Ghaffari
ghafaryf@yahoo.com
1
Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahideh Jahanian
Sadatmahalleh
shahideh.jahanian@modares.ac.ir
2
Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran;Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Akhoond
3
Department of Statistics, Mathematical Science and Computer Faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Poopak
Eftekhari Yazdi
4
4Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Zolfaghari
5
Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Some Plasma Coagulation Factors in Women with Spontaneous Miscarriage
Background It has been reported that 15-20% of parous female have experienced at least one miscarriage, while 3% of them have experienced two miscarriages. The goal of this study was to evaluate the plasma level of coagulation factors in women with a history of spontaneous abortions. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, 82 women with a history of two or more abortions referred to the six private gynecologic clinics in Gorgan city without any structural abnormality were recruited during 2011-2012. Plasma levels of antithrombin III (ATIII) using colorimetric assay, protein C, protein S, factor V Leiden and lupus anticoagulant (LAC) using coagulation method were measured. The control group was women with a history of normal delivery and no abortions. Those under anti-coagulant therapy were excluded from the study. Data were entered into the computer using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 16 and analyzed by Chi-square, t test and non-parametric tests. Results At least one abnormality was reported in 35 cases (42.7%). Among them, protein C deficiency was the most prevalent (30.5%). ATIII was abnormal in 17.1% and lupus anti-coagulant was abnormal in 8.5%. Factor V Leiden was normal in all cases and protein S deficiency was only seen in one case. Conclusion We suggest to perform these tests in regards to the thrombophilia in cases with spontaneous abortions in order to find an early cure for this treatable disorder.
https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45318_ae131c754450ae2edb764a904a00bb9a.pdf
2015-10-01
309
312
10.22074/ijfs.2015.4545
Thrombophilia
abortion
Protein C
Protein S
Factor V Leiden
Mahsa
Besharat
1
Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Afsane
Tabandeh
2
Golestan Research Center for Infertility, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbasali
Keshtkar
3
Endocrine and Metabolic Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Elham
Mobasheri
4
4Golestan Research Center of Congenital Abnormality, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Sima
Besharat
5
Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran;5Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Golestan Research Center of Gastroent
AUTHOR
Hamidreza
Joshaghani
joshaghani@goums.ac.ir
6
6Medical Laboratory Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran;7Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Paramedicine, Building of Falsafi, Hircan Boulevard, Gorgan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Relationship between Serum Leptin, Ghrelin and Dietary Macronutrients in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women. It may involve an impairment in physiologic regulation of leptin and ghrelin. There is limited, controversial data on the relation of dietary components with leptin and ghrelin in PCOS, so the current study has been conducted to explore the effects of different macronutrients on serum levels of leptin and ghrelin in PCOS and healthy subjects. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, we randomly choose 30 PCOS pa- tients and 30 healthy age and body mass index (BMI) matched controls. Intake of macronutrients [protein, total fat, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), carbohydrate, dietary fiber] and energy were assessed using 3-day, 24-hour food recall and food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Fasting hormonal status was measured for each participant. Results PCOS women had higher levels of serum leptin, insulin, testosterone, and luteinizing hormone (LH), whereas sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) was lower compared to healthy women. There was no significant difference in mean ghrelin concentrations between the groups. Among PCOS women, independent of BMI and total energy intake, we observed an inverse association between leptin concentration and total dietary fat (β=-0.16, P < 0.05) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake (β=-0.58, P < 0.05). This relationship was not seen in the healthy subjects. There was no significant association between ghrelin and macronutrients in PCOS and healthy participants. Conclusion Certain habitual dietary components such as fat and SFA may decrease serum leptin, whereas ghrelin is not influenced by these in PCOS women. More studies are needed to better clarify the effects of dietary macronutrients on serum leptin and ghrelin.
https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45319_fb0f9643276f49b78449984a816a3276.pdf
2015-10-01
313
321
10.22074/ijfs.2015.4546
Leptin
Gherkin
Habitual Diet
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Bahram
Pourghassem Gargari
pourghassemb@tbzmed.ac.ir
1
Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shiva
Houjeghani
2
Students’ Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Laya
Farzadi
3
Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Sheyda
Houjeghani
4
4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdolrasoul
Safaeiyan
5
5Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Flow Cytometric DNA Analysis and Histopathologic Re-Evaluation of Paraffin Embedded Samples from Hydatidiform Moles and Hydropic Abortions
Background Distinction of hydatidiform moles (HMs) from non-molar abortions and sub-classification of HMs are important for clinical practice; yet, diagnosis based solely on morphology is affected by interobserver variability. The objective of this study was to determine the role of DNA flow cytometry in distinguishing molar from non-molar pregnancies. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, between 2006 and 2010. DNA ploidy analysis and histopathologic re-evaluation were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue from 36 (17 complete and 19 partial) molar and 24 hydropic abortus (HA) cases which were previously diagnosed based on histomorphologic study. Results Of the 17 cases initially diagnosed as complete HM (CHM), 9 were diploid, 2 were triploid, 5 were tetraploid and 1 was aneuploid. Of the 19 initial partial HMs (PHMs), 2, 8, 1 and 8 cases were diploid, triploid, tetraploid and aneuploid, respectively. In the initial HA category (n=24), 14 diploid, 1 triploid, 5 tetraploid, and 4 aneuploid cases existed. Following flow cytometry and histopathologic reevaluation, 1 case with previous diagnosis of HA was reclassified as PHM, 2 initial PHMs were reclassified as CHM and 2 initial CHMs were categorized as PHM. Conclusion The results show that correct diagnosis of PMH is the main challenge in histological diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). DNA flow cytometric analysis could be an informative supplement to the histological interpretation of molar and hydropic placentas.
https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45320_6a39913c9d4c91ea3054d2d1e2b6022f.pdf
2015-10-01
322
328
10.22074/ijfs.2015.4547
Partial Hydatidiform Mole
Complete Hydatidiform Mole
Hydropic Abor
tion
flow cytometry
Narges
Izadi-Mood
nizadimood@yahoo.com
1
Department of Pathology, Women Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Soheila
Sarmadi
2
Department of Pathology, Women Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Tayebivaljozi
3
Department of Pathology, Women Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Farzaneh
Mohammadi-Zia
4
Department of Pathology, Baharlou Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Farhadi
5
Department of Pathology, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Polymorphism Frequencies in Endometriosis
Background The pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), is a pathogenic element for a number of disorders. Previous studies have reported that the -1031 T/C and -238 G/A polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TNF-α gene are important factors in reproductive-related disorders. One of the most common gynecological diseases of women during the reproductive years is endometriosis. This study aims to assess an association between the -1031 T/C, -238 G/A and -308 G/A polymorphisms of the TNF-α gene promoter region to endometriosis. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, we enrolled 65 endometriosis patients and 65 matched healthy control women by simple sampling. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was used to analyze -1031 T/C, -238 G/A and -308 G/A polymorphisms in the TNF-α gene promoter region. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results We found a strong association between the -1031 T/C polymorphism in the promoter region of the TNF-α gene with endometriosis (P=0.001). There were no significant associations between the -238 G/A (P=0.243) and -308 G/A (P=1) polymorphisms with endometriosis and again endometriosis stages have no association with these polymorphisms. Conclusion The -1031 T/C polymorphism and CC genotype can be used as a relevant marker to identify women at risk of developing endometriosis.
https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45321_6e6330b01fbf1a0a056cd3d689f3ad8f.pdf
2015-10-01
329
337
10.22074/ijfs.2015.4548
Endometriosis
Tumor Necrosis Factor
Polymorphism
Roshanak
Abutorabi
1
Infertility Laboratory, Beheshti Hospital, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical
AUTHOR
Azar
Baradaran
2
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Sadat Mostafavi
fs.mostafavi@gmail.com
3
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Yasaman
Zarrin
4
4School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Farahnaz
Mardanian
5
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of Protamine 1 to Protamine 2 mRNA Ratio and YBX2 gene mRNA Content in Testicular Tissue of Fertile and Azoospermic Men
Background Although aberrant protamine (PRM) ratios have been observed in infertile men, the mechanisms that implicit the uncoupling of PRM1 and PRM2 expression remain unclear. To uncover these mechanisms, in this observational study we have compared the PRM1/PRM2 mRNA ratio and mRNA contents of two regulatory factors of these genes. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, sampling was performed by a multi-step method from 50 non-obstructive azoospermic and 12 normal men. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT- QPCR) was used to analyze the PRM1, PRM2, Y box binding protein 2 (YBX2) and JmjC-containing histone demethylase 2a (JHDM2A) genes in testicular biopsies of the studied samples. Results The PRM1/PRM2 mRNA ratio differed significantly among studied groups, namely 0.21 ± 0.13 in azoospermic samples and -0.8 ± 0.22 in fertile samples. The amount of PRM2 mRNA, significantly reduced in azoospermic patients. Azoospermic men exhibited significant under expression of YBX2 gene compared to controls (P < 0.001). mRNA content of this gene showed a positive correlation with PRM mRNA ratio (R=0.6, P=0.007). JHDM2A gene expression ratio did not show any significant difference between the studied groups (P=0.3). We also observed no correlation between JHDM2A mRNA content and the PRM mRNA ratio (R=0.2, P=0.3). Conclusion We found significant correlation between the aberrant PRM ratio (PRM2 under expression) and lower YBX2 mRNA content in testicular biopsies of azoospermic men compared to controls, which suggested that downregulation of the YBX2 gene might be involved in PRM2 under expression. These molecules could be useful biomarkers for predicting male infertility.
https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45322_0fec49b3b14a0cf8063a5c2cb6ae0fb8.pdf
2015-10-01
338
345
10.22074/ijfs.2015.4549
Protamines
Azoospermia
Sahar
Moghbelinejad
1
Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran;Department of Medical Genetics, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Najafipour
rnajafipour@gmail.com
2
Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran;Department of Medical Genetics, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amir Samimi
Hashjin
3
Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chromosomal Aneuploidies and Early Embryonic Developmental Arrest
Background Selecting the best embryo for transfer, with the highest chance of achieving a vital pregnancy, is a major goal in current in vitro fertilization (IVF) technology. The high rate of embryonic developmental arrest during IVF treatment is one of the limitations in achieving this goal. Chromosomal abnormalities are possibly linked with chromosomal arrest and selection against abnormal fertilization products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and type of chromosomal abnormalities in preimplantation embryos with developmental arrest. Materials and Methods This cohort study included blastomeres of embryos with early developmental arrest that were biopsied and analyzed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) with probes for chromosomes 13, 16, 18, 21 and 22. Forty-five couples undergoing IVF treatment were included, and 119 arrested embryos were biopsied. All probes were obtained from the Kinderwunsch Zentrum, Linz, Austria, between August 2009 and August 2011. Results Of these embryos, 31.6% were normal for all chromosomes tested, and 68.4% were abnormal. Eleven embryos were uniformly aneuploid, 20 were polyploid, 3 were haploid, 11 displayed mosaicism and 22 embryos exhibited chaotic chromosomal complement. Conclusion Nearly 70% of arrested embryos exhibit chromosomal errors, making chromosomal abnormalities a major cause of embryonic arrest and may be a further explanation for the high developmental failure rates during culture of the embryos in the IVF setting.
https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45323_3a16cd26648cebbb9913607ada197910.pdf
2015-10-01
346
353
10.22074/ijfs.2015.4550
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Blastomeres
Embryonic development
Aneuploidies
Chromosomes
Maria
Maurer
maria.maurer@gespag.at
1
Landes-Frauen-und Kinderklinik Linz, Department of Human Genetics, Krankenhausstraße, Linz, Austria;Johannes Kepler University, Faculty of Medicine, Linz, Austria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Thomas
Ebner
2
Johannes Kepler University, Faculty of Medicine, Linz, Austria;Landes-Frauen-und Kinderklinik Linz, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Kinderwunsch Zentrum Linz, Krankenhausstraße, Linz, Austria
AUTHOR
Manuela
Puchner
3
Johannes Kepler University, Faculty of Medicine, Linz, Austria;Landes-Frauen-und Kinderklinik Linz, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Kinderwunsch Zentrum Linz, Krankenhausstraße, Linz, Austria
AUTHOR
Richard Bernhard
Mayer
4
Johannes Kepler University, Faculty of Medicine, Linz, Austria;Landes-Frauen-und Kinderklinik Linz, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Kinderwunsch Zentrum Linz, Krankenhausstraße, Linz, Austria
AUTHOR
Omar
Shebl
5
Johannes Kepler University, Faculty of Medicine, Linz, Austria;Landes-Frauen-und Kinderklinik Linz, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Kinderwunsch Zentrum Linz, Krankenhausstraße, Linz, Austria
AUTHOR
Peter
Oppelt
6
Johannes Kepler University, Faculty of Medicine, Linz, Austria;Landes-Frauen-und Kinderklinik Linz, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Kinderwunsch Zentrum Linz, Krankenhausstraße, Linz, Austria
AUTHOR
Hans-Christoph
Duba
7
Landes-Frauen-und Kinderklinik Linz, Department of Human Genetics, Krankenhausstraße, Linz, Austria;Johannes Kepler University, Faculty of Medicine, Linz, Austria
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Follicle Development of Xenotransplanted Sheep Ovarian Tissue into Male and Female Immunodeficient Rats
Background This study aimed to assess follicle survival after xenotransplantation of sheep ovarian tissue into male and female immunodeficient rats. We evaluated the effects of gonadotropin treatment on follicular development in the transplanted tissue. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, sheep ovarian cortical strips were transplanted into the neck back muscles of 8 male and 8 female immunodeficient, castrated rats. Fourteen days after surgery, each rat was treated with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) for 9 weeks. One day after the last injection, ovarian tissues were removed and fixed for histology assessment. Histology analyses were performed before and after grafting. Estradiol (E2) levels were measured before and after gonadectomy, and at the end of the experiment. The control group consisted of 7 male and 7 female noncastrated/non-grafted rats and the sham group comprised 7 male and 7 female castrated/ non-grafted rats for comparison of serum E2 concentrations. Results The percentage of primordial follicles decreased after transplantation in male (25.97%) and female (24.14%) rats compared to the control group (ovarian tissue nongrafted; 37.51%). Preantral follicles increased in the male (19.5%) and female (19.49%) transplanted rats compared to the control group (11.4%). Differences in antral follicles between male (0.06 ± 0.0%) and female (0.06 ± 0.0%) rats were not noticeable compared to control (1.25 ± 0.0%) rats. We observed a significantly higher percent of mean E2 secretion in grafted males compared to grafted females (P˂0.05). Conclusion Despite significant differences in E2 secretion between xenografted male and female rats, we observed no statistical differences in terms of follicular development.
https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45324_a70328aeb6ca136645b7feb82a2eeff7.pdf
2015-10-01
354
360
10.22074/ijfs.2015.4551
Follicle
Rat
Sheep
Xenotransplantation
Leila Sadat
Tahaei
1
Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hussein
Eimani
eimanih@yahoo.com
2
Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran;Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ghazaleh
Hajmusa
3
Animal Core Facility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Rouhollah
Fathi
4
Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Rezazadeh Valojerdi
5
Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdolhossein
Shahverdi
6
Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Poopak
Eftekhari-Yazdi
7
Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Activation and Inhibition of The Wnt3A Signaling Pathway in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryonic Stem Cells: Effects of WNT3A, Bio and Dkk1
Background This research studies the effects of activation and inhibition of Wnt3A signaling pathway in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryonic stem (ES) cell-like cells. Materials and Methods To carry on this experimental study, the effects of activation and inhibition of Wnt3A signaling in buffalo ES cell-like cells were examined using Bio (0.5 mM) combined with WNT3A (200 ng/ml), as an activator, and Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1, 250 ng/ml), as an inhibitor, of the pathway. ES cells were cultured up to three weeks in ES cell medium without fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), but in the presence of Bio, WNT3A, Bio+WNT3A and Dkk1. The effects of these supplements were measured on the mean area of ES cell colonies and on the expression levels of a number of important genes related to pluripotency (Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 and c-Myc) and the Wnt pathway (β-catenin). ES cell colonies cultured in ES cell medium that contained optimized quantities of LIF and FGF-2 were used as the control. Data were collected for week-1 and week-3 treated cultures. In addition, WNT3A-transfected ES cells were compared with the respective mock-transfected colonies, either alone or in combination with Dkk1 for expression of β-catenin and the pluripotency-related genes. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, and statistical significance was accepted at P < 0.05. Results Among various examined concentrations of Bio (0.5-5 mM), the optimum effect was observed at the 0.5 mM dose as indicated by colony area and expressions of pluripotency-related genes at both weeks-1 and -3 culture periods. At this concentration,the expressions of Nanog, Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc and β-catenin genes were nonsignificantly higher compared to the controls. Expressions of these genes were highest in the Bio+WNT3A treated group, followed by the WNT3A and Bio-supplemented groups, and lowest in the Dkk1-treated group. The WNT-transfected colonies showed higher expressions compared to both mock and Dkk1-treated mock transfected colonies. Conclusion WNT3A functions to maintain the pluripotency of ES cell-like cells both as an exogenous growth factor as well as an endogenously expressed gene. It complements the absence of FGF-2 and LIF, otherwise propounded essential for buffalo ES cell culture. WNT3A antagonizes the inhibitory effects of Dkk1 and acts in combination with its activator, Bio, to activate the Wnt signaling pathway.
https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45325_62b80f01f34f762996fbe169e69fb814.pdf
2015-10-01
361
370
10.22074/ijfs.2015.4552
WNT3A
Buffalo
Embryonic stem cells
BIO
Dkk1
Mohammad
Zandi
1
Department of Animal and Poultry Science and Fisheries, Agricultural Institute, Iranian Research Organisation for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Syed Mohamad
Shah
2
Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
AUTHOR
Musharifa
Muzaffar
3
Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
AUTHOR
Manoj
Kumar Singh
4
Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
AUTHOR
Prabhat
Palta
5
Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
AUTHOR
Suresh
Kumar Singla
6
Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
AUTHOR
Radhey
Sham Manik
7
Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
AUTHOR
Manmohan Singh
Chauhan
chauhan_abtc@rediffmail.com
8
Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effects of Chlorpromazine on Reproductive System and Function in Female Rats
Background Chlorpromazine (CPZ), an antipsychotic drug, is associated with increased risk of sexual dysfunction through increasing prolactin levels. The current study evaluates the effect of CPZ-induced hyperprolactinemia on ovarian follicular growth, gonadotropins, and alteration of ovarian source hormones. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, animals were divided into four groups, control and CPZ (n=8 per group). In the treated groups, CPZ was administered by gavage at doses of 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg per day for 28 days. On day 29 the animals were killed after which histopathological and histomorphometric analyses of the ovaries were performed. We evaluated the levels of prolactin serum, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2) and progesterone. Results The ovaries of the test groups showed numerous atretic follicles of various sizes. CPZ caused a significant difference between the test groups and the control group (P < 0.05) on the amount of atresia and the size of the normal corpora lutea (CL). The increased dysfunction of the ovaries from the different groups depended on the amount of CPZ administered. The serum concentrations of prolactin and progesterone significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the serum concentrations of estradiol, LH and FSH notably decreased (P < 0.05), depending on the CPZ dose. CPZ-induced animals had unsuccessful mating and decreased pregnancy rate. Conclusion The present findings suggest that CPZ-induced disturbances not only depend on prolactin level but the increased prolactin level is largely dose-dependent.
https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45326_89997d9b106ca2139d92438bca6d719e.pdf
2015-10-01
371
379
10.22074/ijfs.2015.4553
Chlorpromazine
Hyperprolactinemia
Ovary
Atresia
Rat
Zahra
Zamani
zahrazamani13631985@gmail.com
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Samad
Zare
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Rajabali
Sadrkhanlou
3
Laboratory of Embryology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Ahmadi
4
Laboratory of Embryology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Elham
Movahed
5
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Increased Litter Size and Suckling Intensity Stimulate mRNA of RFamide-related Peptide in Rats
Background RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) inhibits gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in rats. This study evaluates the effects of litter size and suckling intensity on RFRP mRNA expression in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) of rats. Materials and Methods A total of 32 pregnant and 4 non-lactating ovariectomized (control group) Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this experimental study. Lactating rats were allotted to 8 equal groups. In 3 groups, the litter size was adjusted to 5, 10, or 15 pups upon parturition. Dams were allowed to suckle their pups continuously until 8 days postpartum. In the other 3 groups, the litter size was adjusted to 5 pups following birth. These pups were separated from the dams for 6 hours on day 8 postpartum, after which the pups were allowed to suckle for 2.5, 5, or 7.5 minutes prior to killing the dams. In 2 groups, lactating rats with 10 and 15 pups were separated from their pups for 6 hours on day 8 postpartum. In these groups, the pups were allowed to suckle their dams for 5 minutes before the dams were killed. All rats were killed on day 8 postpartum and the DMH was removed from each rat. We evaluated RFRP mRNA expression using realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The expression of RFRP mRNA in the DMH increased with increased litter size and suckling intensity compared to the controls. The effect of suckling intensity on the expression of RFRP mRNA was more pronounced compared to the litter size. Conclusion Increased litter size and suckling intensity stimulated RFRP mRNA expression in the DMH which might contribute to lactation anestrus in rats.
https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45327_ad7113c5b49ecf846ee3037ae50168db.pdf
2015-10-01
380
386
10.22074/ijfs.2015.4554
mRNA
Suckling Intensity
Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
Lac
tation
Rat
Atefeh
Noroozi
1
Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Jafarzadeh Shirazi
2
Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Amin
Tamadon
amintamaddon@yahoo.com
3
Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Moghadam
4
Biotechnology Institute, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Niazi
5
Biotechnology Institute, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Development of A Questionnaire to Measure Attitude toward Oocyte Donation
Background To our knowledge, there is no valid and comprehensive questionnaire that considers attitude toward oocyte donation (OD). Therefore this study has aimed to design and develop a tool entitled attitude toward donation-oocyte (ATOD-O) to measure attitude toward OD. Materials and Methods This methodological, qualitative research was undertaken on 15 infertile cases. In addition, we performed a literature review and search of various databases. Validity of this questionnaire was conducted by knowledgeable experts who determined indices such as relevancy, clarity, and comprehensiveness. Reliability of the questionnaire was assessed based on the opinions of experts and infertile couples referred to Royan Institute. Results ATOD-O was designed in 52 statements that covered various issues such as the OD process, donor and recipient characteristics, as well as family, emotional, psychological, legal, religious, and socio-economic dimensions. Results were scored as five points: 1 (strongly disagree), 2 (disagree), 3 (somewhat), 4 (agree), and 5 (strongly agree). The overall relevancy of the questionnaire was 97% and clarity was 96%. Overall comprehensiveness was 100%. Conclusion The findings from this preliminary validation study have indicated that ATOD-O is a valid measure for measuring and assessing attitude toward donated oocytes. This questionnaire can be used in studies regarding different groups of a society.
https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45328_6fa9cadb30f3d68278d0ae3b755b446b.pdf
2015-10-01
387
392
10.22074/ijfs.2015.4555
oocyte donation
Attitude
Questionnaire
infertility
ATOD
O
Reza
Omani Samani
info@royaninstitet.org
1
Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Leila
Mounesan
2
Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Ezabadi
3
Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Samira
Vesali
samiravesali@yahoo.com
4
Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effectiveness of Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy on Sexual Satisfaction and Marital Adjustment of Infertile Couples with Marital Conflicts
Background The purpose of this investigation is to determine the efficacy of emotionally focused couples therapy (EFT-C) on enhancement of marital adjustment in infertile couples. Materials and Methods This was a semi-experimental study with a pre- and post-test design. We selected 30 infertile couples (60 subjects) by purposive sampling. Couples were randomly assigned to two groups, sample and control. Each group consisted of 15 couples who had marital maladjustment and low sexual satisfaction. Couples answered the marital adjustment and sexual satisfaction questionnaires at baseline after which the sample group received 10 sessions of EFT-C. Results Results of pre-test and post-test showed that EFT-C significantly impacted marital adjustment and sexual satisfaction. Conclusion EFT-C had a significant effect on enhancement of satisfaction, cohesion and affectional expression. This approach impacted physical and emotional sexual satisfaction of infertile couples.
https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45329_61c10655585b4c2094874a0a49b50644.pdf
2015-10-01
393
402
10.22074/ijfs.2015.4556
couples
Therapy
Adjustment
Sexual
Satisfaction
Ali Akbar
Soleimani
1
Department of Psychology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Najafi
2
Department of Psychology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Khodabakhsh
Ahmadi
3
Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Nasirudin
Javidi
nasir.javidi@yahoo.com
4
Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Elnaz
Hoseini Kamkar
5
Department of Psychology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohamad
Mahboubi
6
Abadan College of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Abadan, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Lineage of Children Born by Sperm Donation: A Shiite Perspective
Background Despite the meager role of the masculine agent in infertility (the low number of infertile men than women infertile), there are men whose wives are unable to become pregnant due to the absence of sperm, decreased numbers of sperm or lack of sufficient motile sperm. Utilizing donated sperm is a method that enables these families to have children. The use of this method prompts us to ask different questions, among which is the quality of the child’s relation to the sperm donor, the sterile man and his wife. In this research we intend to study the issue of lineage of those who use heterogeneous insemination. Materials and Methods This analytical-descriptive research gathered relevant data in a Literature search. After a description of the fundamentals and definitions, juridical texts were subsequently analyzed and one of the viewpoints regarding lineage related to infertility treatment by donated sperm was selected. Results There are three persons that have a possible legal relationship to the child born from this method -the sperm donor (biological father), the wife’s husband (social father) and the wife (mother). In treating infertility with donated sperm, there is neither a third party to make the possibility of attribution of the child nor is there a doubt that the child is the result of insemination of the woman’s egg with the donated sperm rather than the husband’s sperm as he has a lack of sperm. Conclusion The child born by heterogeneous insemination only has a relation with the sperm donor and the woman contributing her egg. This child is eligible for all parental rights and obligations. These children are not related to the sterile man.
https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45330_504250859114ab89911a747c3771f9c5.pdf
2015-10-01
403
410
10.22074/ijfs.2015.4557
Kinship
Lineage
Intimacyn
Saeid Nazari
Tavakkoli
sntavakkoli@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Jurisprudence and Essentials of Islamic Law, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR