@article { author = {Salehnia, Mojdeh and Zavareh, Saeed}, title = {The Effects of Progesterone on Oocyte Maturation and Embryo Development}, journal = {International Journal of Fertility and Sterility}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {74-81}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Royan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)}, issn = {2008-076X}, eissn = {2008-0778}, doi = {}, abstract = {Oocyte maturation and embryo development are controlled by intra-ovarian factors such as steroid hormones. Progesterone (P4) exists in the follicular fluid that contributes to normal mammalian ovarian function and has several critical functions during embryo development and implantation, including endometrial receptivity, embryonic survival during gestation and transformation of the endometrial stromal cells to decidual cells. It is well known that the physiological effects of P4 during the pre-implantation stages of some mammal’s embryos are mediated by P4 receptors and their gene expression is determined. The effects of P4 on oocytes and embryo development have been assessed by some investigations, with contradictory results. P4, a dominant steroid in follicular fluid at approximately 18 hours after the luteinizing hormone (LH ) surge may have a critical role in maturation of oocytes at the germinal stage. However, it has been shown that different concentrations of P4 could not improve in vitro maturation rates of germinal vesicles (GV) in cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) and cumulus denuded oocytes (CDOs). Culture media supplemented with P4 significantly improved mouse embryo development. In addition, an in vivo experimental design has shown high blastocyst survival and implantation rates in P4-treated mice. In this review we explain some of the findings that pertain to the effects of P4 on oocyte maturation and embryo development both in vitro and in vivo.}, keywords = {progesterone,Oocyte,embryo,maturation}, url = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45174.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45174_2b5fb0180b55b998405b0060b7265fc1.pdf} } @article { author = {Merghati Khoei, Effat and Norouzi Javidan, Abbas and Abrishamkar, Mahboobeh and Yekaninejad, Mir Saeed and Chaibakhsh, Samira and Emami-Razavi, Seyyed Hasan and Mansouri, Asie and Kamali, Koorosh and Shoja, Tannaz and Hajiaghababaei, Marzieh and Nikfallah, Abolghasem}, title = {Development, Validity and Reliability of Sexual Health Measures for Spinal Cord Injured Patients in Iran}, journal = {International Journal of Fertility and Sterility}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {82-87}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Royan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)}, issn = {2008-076X}, eissn = {2008-0778}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: This study developed and validated a questionnaire to measure the sexual health of patients with spinal cord injuries (SCI). Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), Tehran, Iran. Extensive review of literature, expert opinions, and encounters with SCI patients were used to develop and validate the questionnaires. There were 40 (32 males, 8 females) patients with SCI that presented for treatment at BASIR who enrolled in the study. Participants completed the questionnaires while they were admitted for medical care and during treatment follow-up visits. Participants completed the questionnaires twice, at a 2-4 week interval. Reliability testing for each measure was performed separately. Cronbach’s alpha was used for internal consistency and test-retest was used for reliability. Results: An expert committee approved the face and content validities of the questionnaires, Internal consistency of our questionnaires, was acceptable according to Cronbach’s alpha that ranged from 0.73 for the sexual activity measure to 0.90 for the sexual adjustment measure. Test-retest reliability was satisfactory. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of measures ranged from 0.65 for sexual function to 0.84 for sexual activity. Conclusion: The sexual health measures has provided a valid assessment of sexualityrelated matters in this sample of patients with SCI, which suggests that evaluation of sexual well-being may be useful in clinical trials and practice settings. Overall, the sexual health measures shows good internal consistency and test-retest reliability.}, keywords = {Spinal Cord Injury,Sexual Health,Validity,Reliability}, url = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45175.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45175_1487879cb9f31c5aae5d31b24b8d88ce.pdf} } @article { author = {Ashrafi, Mahnaz and Jahanian Sadatmahalleh, Shahideh and Akhoond, Mohammad Reza and Ghaffari, Firouzeh and Zolfaghari, Zahra}, title = {ICSI Outcome in Infertile Couples with Different Causes of Infertility: A Cross-Sectional Study}, journal = {International Journal of Fertility and Sterility}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {88-95}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Royan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)}, issn = {2008-076X}, eissn = {2008-0778}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Different success rate of Intracytoplasmic Sperm injection (ICSI) has been observed in various causes of infertility. In this study, we evaluated the relation between ICSI outcome and different causes of infertility. We also aimed to examine parameters that might predict the pregnancy success rate following ICSI. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study included1492 infertile women referred to Infertility Center of Royan Institute between 2010 and 2011. We assigned two groups including pregnant (n=504) and non-pregnant (n=988), while all participants underwent ICSI cycles. All statistics were performed by SPSS program. Statistical Analysis was carried out using Chi-square and t test. Logistic regression was done to build a prediction model in ICSI cycles. Results: The overall clinical pregnancy rate in our study was 33.9% (n=1492). There was a statistically significant difference in mean serum concentration on day 3 after application of luteinizing hormone (LH) between the pregnant and the non-pregnant groups (p < 0.05). However, There were no significant differences between two groups in the serum concentrations on day 3 after application of the following hormones: folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and metoclopramidestimulated prolactin (PRL) . We found no association between different causes of infertility and clinical outcomes . The number of metaphase II (MII) oocytes, embryo transfer, number of good embryo (grade A, B, AB), total dose of gonadotropin, endometrial thickness, maternal age, number of previous cycle were statistically significant between two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicate that ICSI in an effective option in couples with different causes of infertility. These variables were integrated into a statistical model to allow the prediction for the chance of pregnancy following ICSI cycles. It is required that each infertility center gather enough information about the causes of infertility in order to provide more information and better assistance to patients. Therefore, we suggest that physicians prepare adequate training and required information regarding these procedures for infertile couples in order to improve their knowledge.}, keywords = {ICSI,Pregnancy Rate,infertility}, url = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45176.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45176_0ca4829abf8a13ca81cbde730c61db7b.pdf} } @article { author = {Kianpour, Maryam and Nematbakhsh, Mehdi and Ahmadi, Sayad Mehdi and Jafarzadeh, Mehrangiz and Hajjarian, Masomeh and Pezeshki, Zahra and Safari, Tahereh and Eshraghi-Jazi, Fatemeh}, title = {Serum and Peritoneal Fluid Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Women with Endometriosis}, journal = {International Journal of Fertility and Sterility}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {96-99}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Royan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)}, issn = {2008-076X}, eissn = {2008-0778}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Endometriosis is known as one of the most common disease in women of reproductive age. Due to important role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in neo-vascularization for the implantation of endometrial cell, and also presence of different studies reported VEGF level in the serum and peritoneal fluid (PF) in endometriosis patients, this study was designed to determine the serum and PF levels of VEGF in endometriosis patients, and to compare with normal subjects. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 179 women subjected to laparoscopy for the evaluation of infertility or pelvic pain were allocated into the following two groups: group I: different types of endometriosis patients (n=90) and group II: non-endometriosis patients (n=89). The PF from pelvis and venous blood samples were obtained. The VEGF concentration of the serum and PF were measured using enzyme immunoassay kit and were compared using t test. Results: The level of VEGF in serum was significantly less than that in PF in both groups (p=0.00). However, endometriosis patients had significantly higher level of VEGF in peritoneal fluid than non-endometriosis patients (p=0.043). Conclusion: According to our findings, endometriosis is not associated with change in the level of circulating VEGF.}, keywords = {Endometriosis,vascular endothelial growth factor,Peritoneal Fluid}, url = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45177.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45177_7b4f925ad8200ffab289411c795bc335.pdf} } @article { author = {Ashrafi, Mahnaz and Rashidi, Mandana and Ghasemi, Afsaneh and Arabipoor, Arezoo and Daghighi, Sara and Pourasghari, Parisa and Zolfaghari, Zahra}, title = {The Role of Infertility Etiology in Success Rate of Intrauterine Insemination Cycles: An Evaluation of Predictive Factors for Pregnancy Rate}, journal = {International Journal of Fertility and Sterility}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {100-107}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Royan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)}, issn = {2008-076X}, eissn = {2008-0778}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The objective of this study was to identify the prognostic factors that influence the outcome of ovarian stimulation with intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles in couples with different infertility etiology. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed in data of 1348 IUI cycles with ovarian stimulation by clomiphene citrate (CC) and/or gonadotropins in 632 women with five different infertility etiology subgroups at Akbarabbadi Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Results: The pregnancy rate (PR)/ cycle was highest (19.9%) among couples with unexplained infertility and lowest (10.6%) in couples with multiple factors infertility. In cases of unexplained infertility, the best PRs were seen after CC plus gonadotropins stimulation (26.3%) and with inseminated motile sperm count>30×106 (21.9%), but the tendency didn’t reach statistical significant. In the ovarian factor group, the best PRs were observed in women aged between 30 and 34 years (20.8%), with 2-3 preovulatory follicles (37.8%) and infertility duration between 1and 3 years (20.8%), while only infertility duration (p=0.03) and number of preovulatory follicles (p=0.01) were statistically significant. Multiple logistic regression analysis determined that number of preovulatory follicles (p=0.02), duration of infertility (p=0.015), age (p=0.019), infertility etiology (p=0.05) and stimulation regimen (p=0.01) were significant independent factors in order to predict overall clinical PR. Conclusion: The etiology of infertility is important to achieve remarkable IUI success. It is worth mentioning that within different etiologies of infertility, the demographic and cycles characteristics of couples did not show the same effect. Favorable variables for treatment success are as follows: age}, keywords = {Artificial insemination,infertility,Etiology,Prognostic Factors,Pregnancy Rate}, url = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45178.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45178_6704ef4aaa6b8398fc8abd7338a878e9.pdf} } @article { author = {Hassani, Fatemeh and Eftekhari-Yazdi, Poopak and Karimian, Leila and Rezazadeh Valojerdi, Mojtaba and Movaghar, Bahar and Fazel, Mohammad and Fouladi, Hamid Reza and Shabani, Fatemeh and Johansson, Lars}, title = {The Effects of ISM1 Medium on Embryo Quality and Outcomes of IVF/ICSI Cycles}, journal = {International Journal of Fertility and Sterility}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {108-115}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Royan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)}, issn = {2008-076X}, eissn = {2008-0778}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of ISM1 culture medium on embryo development, quality and outcomes of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles. This study compares culture medium commonly used in the laboratory setting for oocyte recovery and embryo development with a medium from MediCult. We have assessed the effects of these media on embryo development and newborn characteristics. Materials and Methods: In this prospective randomized study, fertilized oocytes from patients were randomly assigned to culture in ISM1 (MediCult, cycles: n=293) or routine lab culture medium (G-1TM v5; Vitrolife, cycles: n=290) according to the daily media schedule for oocyte retrieval. IVF or ICSI and embryo transfer were performed with either MediCult media or routine lab media. Embryo quality on days 2/3, cleavage, pregnancy and implantation rates, baby take home rate (BTHR), in addition to the weight and length of newborns were compared between groups. Results: There were similar cleavage rates for ISM1 (86%) vs. G-1TM v5 (88%). We observed a significantly higher percentage of excellent embryos in ISM1 (42.7%) compared to G-1TM v5 (39%, p < 0.05). Babies born after culture in ISM1 had both higher birth weight (3.03 kg) and length (48.8 cm) compared to G-1TM v5 babies that had a birth weight of 2.66 kg and a length of 46.0 cm (p < 0.001 for both). Conclusion: This study suggests that ISM1 is a more effective culture medium in generating higher quality embryos, which may be reflected in the characteristics of babies at birth.}, keywords = {Culture Media,embryo,Quality,Birth Weight,Babies’ lengths}, url = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45179.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45179_bb79f39fc4189d30b3a401dd12246647.pdf} } @article { author = {Bagheri, Morteza and Abdi Rad, Isa and Hosseini Jazani, Nima and Nanbakhsh, Fariba}, title = {Vitamin D Receptor TaqI Gene Variant in Exon 9 and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Risk}, journal = {International Journal of Fertility and Sterility}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {116-121}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Royan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)}, issn = {2008-076X}, eissn = {2008-0778}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is known as a metabolic disorder. The results of recent studies implied that vitamin D receptor (VDR) genetic variants may impact PCOS and insulin resistance in women with PCOS. The aim of the present study was to determine the VDR TaqI gene variant in exon 9 (T/C) (rs731236) in normal controls and patients with PCOS for the first time in Iranian Azeri women. Materials and Methods: In this case control study between April 2011 and June 2012, a total of 76 women aged 18-40 years (38 patients with PCOS and 38 healthy women as normal controls) participated. Genotypes of VDR TaqI in exon 9 (T/C) (rs731236) were determined using the PCR-RFLP method. Results: The frequencies of VDR TaqI T anc C alleles were 0.605 and 0.395 in cases and 0.697 and 0.303 in controls. Also, the genotypic frequencies of VDR TaqI were 16) (42.11), 14(36.84), and 8(21.05) in cases, and 17(44.74), 19(50), and 2(5.26) in controls for TT, TC and CC genotypes respectively. There was no difference in genotype and allele frequencies between PCOS and controls (p value>0.05) with the exception of the CC genotype (p value=0.04). Conclusion: This report, a first of its own kind in Iranian Azeri patients, suggests that the CC genotype of VDR TaqI in exon 9 (rs731236) is associated with PCOS.}, keywords = {Vitamin D Receptor,Polycystic Ovary Syndrome,genetic variation}, url = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45180.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45180_2bb019562396125538005598ed35b33b.pdf} } @article { author = {Louei Monfared, Ali}, title = {Correlation of Serum Lipid P rofile with Histological and Seminal Parameters of Testis in The Goat}, journal = {International Journal of Fertility and Sterility}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {122-129}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Royan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)}, issn = {2008-076X}, eissn = {2008-0778}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The lipid composition of a mammal’s spermatozoa and seminal plasma vary in both structure and function. Evidence exists to suggest that dietary supplementation with the appropriate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) affects spermatogenesis, semen quality and sperm motility. Therefore, this study has been conducted to evaluate the correlations between serum lipid profile and histological, anatomical and seminal parameters of testes in clinically healthy goats. Materials and Methods: In this analytic, cross-sectional study, we chose a total of ten mature Iranian male goats that comprised a homogenous group through simple random sampling. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein; the sera were separated and subsequently used for measurement of serum lipids, lipoproteins and testosterone levels. In addition, we collected semen from the animals and evaluated the seminal characteristics. We also performed histological and anatomical assessments of the testes. Results: The findings demonstrated that serum levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL-c) had a significant positive correlation with interstitial testicular tissue area (r=0.73; p < 0.001), seminiferous tubule area (r=0.61; p < 0.01), the number of Leydig cells (r=0.53; p < 0.05), the diameter of the Leydig cell nuclei (r=0.54; p < 0.05), scrotal circumference (r=0.83; p < 0.001), testis weight (r=0.72; p < 0.001), the number of live, normal sperm (r=0.94 ; p < 0.001) and serum testosterone levels (r=0.88; p < 0.001). Significant but negative correlations were found between serum triglyceride concentration and seminiferous tubule area (r=-0.53; p < 0.05), the diameter of the Leydig cell nuclei (r=-0.55; p < 0.05), testis weight (r =-0.64; p < 0.01), total sperm number (r=-0.82; p < 0.001), number of live, normal sperm (r=-0.55; p < 0.05) and serum testosterone levels (r=-0.79; p < 0.001). In addition, a significant negative correlation was observed between serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-c) concentration and the percent of live sperm (r=-0.67; p < 0.01), and serum testosterone levels (r=-0.65; p < 0.01). Conclusion: The present results indicated that among serum lipids only the levels of HDL-c positively correlated with testicular parameters. High serum triglyceride levels exerted direct adverse effects at the testicular level, which was mainly observed in the seminiferous tubules (STs), characterization of Leydig cells and semen quality.}, keywords = {lipid,Testis,Goat,Histology}, url = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45181.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45181_24286885fd9717875f8b80884f29fed0.pdf} } @article { author = {Omrani, Mir Davood and Saleh Gargari, Soraya and Azizi, Faezeh}, title = {A de novo Reciprocal X; 9 Translocation in A Patient with Premature Ovarian Failure}, journal = {International Journal of Fertility and Sterility}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {130-133}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Royan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)}, issn = {2008-076X}, eissn = {2008-0778}, doi = {}, abstract = {Premature ovarian failure (POF) causes hypergonadotrophic amenorrhea in 1-3% of females, occurring before the age of 40 among women with chromosomal rearrangements in the long arm of the X chromosome 'critical region'. In this article, we report a case of POF and primary amenorrheain a girl with a de novo reciprocal translocation between chromosomes X and 9. The proband was a 17 years old girl with a history of irregular menstruation and high level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (151 mlU/mL) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (56 mlU/mL). In ultrasound examination, left ovarian gonad was atrophic without any follicles. Right ovarian gonad was not seen. Cytogenetical analysis was performed on the patient and her parents. Her karyotype results was 46, X, rcp (X; 9) (q24; q13) dn. Her parents had normal karyotype. This reciprocal translocation between chromosome X and 9 and observed POF in the patient suggest either the disruption of a critical gene expression due to 'position effect' or deletion of one or more POF-related genes in the disrupted long arm of the affected X chromosome.}, keywords = {Premature Ovarian Failure,Translocation,Amenorrhea}, url = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45182.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45182_bb8151af84d9af3b8e981064ed05dd86.pdf} } @article { author = {Salehpour, Saghar and Akbari Sene, Azadeh}, title = {Super Infection of An Ovarian Dermoid Cyst with Actinomyces in An Infertile Woman}, journal = {International Journal of Fertility and Sterility}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {134-137}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Royan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)}, issn = {2008-076X}, eissn = {2008-0778}, doi = {}, abstract = {We present super infection of an ovarian dermoid cyst with actinomyces in an infertile patient. This is a case-report study for evaluation a couple with male factor infertility, who was a good candidate for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), while a 10 cm dermoid cyst was found in the woman’s right ovary. Patient complained of pelvic pain, intermittent fever, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia. The cyst was extracted using laparoscopy, whilst in histopathological examination, an actinomycosis super infection was reported. Actinomyc super infection of an ovarian dermoid cyst is a very rare incident which can also occur in women with no history of intrauterine device (IUD) usage or previous fertility.}, keywords = {Dermoid Cyst,Actinomycosis,Infection,infertility,Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection}, url = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45183.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45183_8cbaa33036919150c8d82dc679dd1e9f.pdf} } @article { author = {Hassa, Hikmet and Aydin, Yunus and Oge, Tufan and Yavuz Tokgoz, Vehbi}, title = {Incompletely Evaluated ART Leading to Ectopic Pregnancy and Cerebral Thrombosis}, journal = {International Journal of Fertility and Sterility}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {138-141}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Royan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)}, issn = {2008-076X}, eissn = {2008-0778}, doi = {}, abstract = {We presented a cerebral venous thrombosis case associated with lack of proper medical evaluation required for confirmation of suppression and exclusion of current pregnancy before starting assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycle. This is a case-report study about a 37-year-old woman who presented to emergency room with abdominal pain and tenderness. Initial human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) value was 17616 IU/L. Endometrium was heteregenous and incompatible with a normal intrauterine pregnancy. She had a history of antagonist protocol/controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) started 38 days ago in a different in vitro fertilization (IVF) center. Because of the fertilization failure, she had no embryo transfer. With ectopic pregnancy diagnosis, we made surgical exploration and observed a material which was consistent with ectopic pregnancy on the right tuba uterina. Partial salpingectomy was applied because of actively bleeding ectopic pregnancy. Two days after discharging from hospital; she presented to emergency room again with syncope and generalized tonic-clonic seizure. By cranial tomography generalized edema, cerebral venous thrombosis was established. Enoxaparine sodium 0.6 ml twice daily was administered. Six days after hospitalisation, she was discharged with normal neurological examination under phenytoin 200 mg daily and enoxaparine sodium 0.6 ml daily. Before ART treatment, clinicians must always rule out the likelihood of existing pregnancy by measuring estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). On the other hand, low-molecularweight heparine may be effective in cerebral venous thrombosis treatment. Therefore, intracerebral thrombosis is one of the rare mortal complications of ART.}, keywords = {Assisted Reproductive Technology,Thrombosis,Ectopic pregnancy}, url = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45184.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45184_6b49ef56663eff5d5cf754fd76867f5b.pdf} } @article { author = {Zhang, Changjun and Peng, Haiying and Hu, Yueyue}, title = {Twin Pregnancy Obtention of Patient with Nonmosaic Klinefelter’s Syndrome and His Wife with Chromosome 9 Inversion by ICSI Treatment}, journal = {International Journal of Fertility and Sterility}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {142-146}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Royan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)}, issn = {2008-076X}, eissn = {2008-0778}, doi = {}, abstract = {A 24-year-old man was diagnosed with klinefelter’s syndrome (KS) and his wife was found to have an inversion on chromosome 9-46, XX, inv (9) (p11q21)- because of infertility. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was performed for fertilization after fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) was used to analyze the aneuploidy rate of the X and Y chromosomes of the ejaculated sperms of the patient, and 99 sperms were haploid among 100 sperms that were to be analyzed. A twin pregnancy was achieved. The chromosomes of the two fetuses were identified as 46, XY and 46, XY, inv (9)(p11q21) after a prenatal diagnosis at 18 weeks gestation. Two healthy twins were born through caesarean section at 32 weeks gestation because of premature rupture of membranes (PROM).}, keywords = {Fish,Klinefelter’s Syndrome,infertility,ICSI,Chromosome Inversion}, url = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45185.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijfs.ir/article_45185_f311d45b9058a5544167fa7213c5d0dc.pdf} }